FOM Flashcards
1
Q
A
1
Q
What is autocrine communication?
A
-communication within the same cell
2
Q
What is paracrine communication?
A
- communication with neighbouring cells
3
Q
What is endocrine communication?
A
- communication with distant cells
4
Q
What is the redundancy?
A
- multiple systems may regulate given parameter
- give alternatives to take over when there is a system fail
5
Q
What are the clinical effects of excess water?
A
- hyponatraemia: low sodium. Too much water diluting electrolytes
- oedema: pooling of fluid in interstitial spaces
6
Q
What is the clinical effect of loss of water?
A
- dehydration: mild (up to 3L)/severe (up to 7L)
7
Q
Who are more susceptible to dehydration?
A
- young: dependency issue, inability to communicate, SA:V
- old/woman: depending, communication, inaccurate assessment of input and output
8
Q
What is osmotic pressure?
A
- physical pressure required to oppose the osmotic movement of water across the membrane
9
Q
What is osmolarity?
A
- measure of particles within a solution (osmoles)
- used to refer to concentration of biological fluids
- number of osmotically active particles/litre water
10
Q
What is osmolality?
A
- number of osmotically active particles/kg water
11
Q
What are the roles of biomembranes?
A
- form boundaries, divide cells into compartments, allow conc. gradients to be established, place of communication and transport
12
Q
What does amphipathic mean?
A
- portion of a molecule is charged (polar) whilst rest is uncharged (non-polar)
13
Q
What is the liquid crystalline phase?
A
- double bonds prevent very close packing of acyl chains, bilayer where chains are mobile
14
Q
How do ligand gated channels work?
A
- gate opens when chemical/ligand binds to channel/receptor
- gate is closed when chemical/ligand is absent
