Folk Dance

Question 1

Folk dance

Answer 1

A national dance relating to large groups of people according to common customs

Question 2

Origin of folk dance

Answer 2

in the ritual of superstition of early man. Social custom and recreational events rather than religion

Question 3

Function of folk dance

Answer 3

to conserve the national quality of the community and values BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS (no longer spirits)

Question 4

Purpose of folk dance

Answer 4

pleasure and entertainment for participants and spectators

Question 5

Characteristics of folk dance

Answer 5

steps can change from generation to generation (unlike ceremonial), music, costumes, culture background combined w/ rhythms, moods, and patterns. Emphasis is on group creativity (not individual)

Question 6

Movement characteristics of folk dance

Answer 6

simple and basic (everyone can do it). Running, walking, hopping, skipping, stamping, moving sideways. (ex: polka, grapevine, dosido, clapping)

Question 7

Dance in Spain

Answer 7

• oldest existing European Dance Art as well as connection between eastern and western dance
• common characteristics: proud carriage of the head, torso, and arms

Question 8

3 general styles

Answer 8

jota, Fandango, Bolero, Flamenco (styles vary according to region)

Question 9

jota

Answer 9

style of Spanish dance. Joyful dance and partnering

Question 10

Fandango

Answer 10

style of Spanish dance. Courtship dance, steps and movements set with posses, gestures and “attitude”. Never more than 3 steps. Couples never touch (sexy)

Question 11

Bolero

Answer 11

style of Spanish dance. 19C. Schooled dancing with a mix of ballet. For performance

Question 12

Flamenco

Answer 12

style of Spanish dance. Originated by the gypsies. An expression of pride and resisting oppression (Spanish Inquisition of 1478). Gypsies. Structured improvisation. Sister art is the bullfight

Question 13

The Spanish Inquisition of 1478

Answer 13

forced Jews, Hindi, and Muslims living in north Spain to either convert to Catholicism or flee. Those who refused went to south of Spain, Andalusia, and lived in caves (gypsies)

Question 14

Andalusia

Answer 14

Where those who didn’t want to convert to Catholicism fled (gypsies). Crossroads of several major Eastern and Western cultures (Katak, Manipuri, and Bharatanatyam)

Question 15

Characteristics of Flamenco

Answer 15

Originally a solo dance. Introspection, expresses tragedy and joy. Proud stance, slightly arched back. Balance between song, guitar, and dance (requires communication). Guitarist has to be able to accompany dancer w/o previous rehearsal. Structured improvisation

Question 16

Flamenco instructor

Answer 16

never teaches students an entire dance, only individual elements. Dancer builds own personal dance (structured improvisation)

Question 17

Baile jondo

Answer 17

serious introspective form of flamenco dance

Question 18

Baile chico

Answer 18

more light-hearted form of flamenco

Question 19

Duende

Answer 19

solo dancer working in full range in his improv and creation can release the “duende”. Sparks spontaneous inspiration breathing life into the dance art. Unleash suffering and joy

Question 20

zapateado

Answer 20

drumming sound made with the heel, soul and toe of the shoe

Question 21

pitos

Answer 21

finger snapping

Question 22

palmas

Answer 22

hand clapping

Question 23

Castanets

Answer 23

clicked together by dancer’s hands

Question 24

Pele

Answer 24

goddess of the volcano

Question 25

Laka

Answer 25

goddess of the hula

Question 26

Illegal Annexation of Islands 1893

Answer 26

illegal takeover by US (Pres. McKinley) whlie Hawaii had their monarch. Stopped Hawaii’s rituals and dances. Only Hula remained. Apologized 200 yrs later

Question 27

Hula

Answer 27

only dance that remained after the annexation (went “underground”). Avenue which culture has remained and continues to function

Question 28

“Great Spirit”

Answer 28

the business of living. Not referring to religion. “Great Spirit” put us on this land to work the land and work with nature

Question 29

Buffalo

Answer 29

white settlers killed off to starve out Native Americans and create reservations. No more buffalo = no more hunt = no more dancing for the hunt

Question 30

Reservations

Answer 30

created by white settlers for Native Americans. Destroyed Native American culture, tradition, and dance

Question 31

Ghost Dance

Answer 31

done by Native Americans in hopes to bring buffalo back (honored buffalo). Massacre of Sitting Bull was because of Ghost Dance

Question 32

Grass Dance

Answer 32

started later. Native American nation dances combined and created Grass Dance. Stomps, looks like flattening grass. Began the Powwow. Rekindled Pan-Indianism

Question 33

Powwow

Answer 33

was to rekindle Indian spirit. Intertribal (Pan-Indianism). Ceremonial, honor, social, friendship, circle, competition dances. Anyone can go. Regalia is worn. Calm face, emotional restraint, contained movements, reflect cultural values of strength & bravery. Vigorous, not frenzied. Choreographed or improvised

Question 34

Regalia

Answer 34

authentic, symbolic apparel. Not costume (would mean being something you’re not). Worn in Powwows

Question 35

Drums

Answer 35

essential in Powwow. Dance done to beat. Usually more drummers than dancers. Considered living spirit, nature, Mother Earth. Treat drum as living being. Only men can play

Question 36

Eagle feathers

Answer 36

only warriors can wear. High-esteemed

Question 37

Heartbeat

Answer 37

essence of American Indian dance. Keep dance alive