Folding + faulting

Question 1

Ductility

Answer 1

When rocks are heated and compressed, they can bend without breaking. Ductility + plate movement pressure = floding

Question 2

Top curve of a fold

Answer 2

Anticline

Question 3

Downward curve of a fold

Answer 3

Syncline

Question 4

What joins syncline and anticline

Answer 4

limb

Question 5

Symmetrical fold

Answer 5

same pressure on each side -Even fold

Question 6

Asymmetrical fold

Answer 6

Pressure is slightly greater on one side -One side steeper

Question 7

Overturned fold

Answer 7

Pressure is much greater on one side - One limb is on top of another

Question 8

Recumbent fold

Answer 8

Pressure is so much greater on 1 side - Limbs are horizontal, moving in the same direction

Question 9

Overthrust fold

Answer 9

Pressure is so much greater on one side that it fractures the other - one limb pushed over another

Question 10

Fold mountain locations - Continental - Continental

Answer 10

Oceanic subducts -> pressure ->edges fold -> fold mountain on the boundary line eg.The Andes

Question 11

Fold Mountain locations - Continental - Continental

Answer 11

Neither subducts, both move up -> heat -> ductility-> really flexible rock -> steep slopes eg Himalayas

Question 12

Caledonian period - How old? What plates? Effect on Ireland?

Answer 12

400 mill years old
Eurasian + North American
Sugarloaf Co. Wicklow

Question 13

Armorican - How old? What plates? Effect on Ireland?

Answer 13

250 mill years old
Eurasaian and African
MacGillycuddy’s Reeks Co. Kerry

Question 14

Alpine - How old? What plates? Effect on Ireland?

Answer 14

60 mill years ago to now
Eurasian + Indo-Australian
Hasn’t affected Ireland

Question 15

Faulting processes - Tension

Answer 15

Rock is pulled apart from both sides - stretches, breaks, sinks.
Normal fault

Question 16

Faulting processes - Compression

Answer 16

Pressed together from both sides, shortens, fractures, pushes up
Reverse fault

Question 17

Faulting processes - Sheering

Answer 17

Rock layers move sideways in opposite directions - crust ttears
Transform fault

Question 18

Parts of a fault - Scarp

Answer 18

Cliff from vertical rock displacement

Question 19

Parts of a fault - Throw

Answer 19

Distance the cliff moved up or down

Question 20

Parts of a fault - Heave

Answer 20

Horizontal rock movement

Question 21

Parts of a fault - Fault plane

Answer 21

Surface fault, rock moves on

Question 22

Parts of fault - Hanging wall

Answer 22

Section of sliding rock

Question 23

Parts of a fault - Footwall

Answer 23

Section of not moving rock

Question 24

Normal fault example

Answer 24

East African Right valley - crust between 2 faults sank below sea level

Question 25

Reverse fault example

Answer 25

Ox Mountains Sligo - Block of land beteen 2 faults moved up

Question 26

Transform fault example

Answer 26

San Andreas fault - North American + Pacific plates move in oposite directions -> crust tears apart -> Earthquakes

Question 27

Monoclines

Answer 27

Small earth movements/ Sedimentary rock is lifted - tilt from compression. Eg BenBubin

Question 28

Domes

Answer 28

Rock arches up - Upside down bowl. Pressure from rising magma - sedimentary rock bulges.