folding and faulting

Question 1

orogeny

Answer 1

refers to mountain-building processes. This occurs due to tectonic movements that cause the plates to buckle upwards, forming fold mountains.

Question 2

Geomorphology

Answer 2

is the scientific study of landforms and the processes that shape them. It is studied by geologists.

Question 3

Denudation

Answer 3

is the wearing away of the Earth’s surface by moving water, ice, wind and waves.

Question 4

how does folding occur?

Answer 4

When two continental plates collide, land is forced upwards through the process of compression.

Question 5

where does folding normally take place

Answer 5

in sedimentary rocks as they are easier to deform.

Question 6

with what are fold mouintains created?

Answer 6

with anticlines,
synclines and limbs

Question 7

what are the four types of fold

Answer 7

Simple fold
Asymmetrical fold
Overfold
Overthrust fold

Question 8

Simple fold

Answer 8

both limbs are the same.

Question 9

Asymmetrical fold

Answer 9

pressure is applied more to one side than the other.

Question 10

Overfold

Answer 10

pressure is so much greater that one limb has been pushed over the limb.

Question 11

Overthrust fold

Answer 11

the pressure here is at its greatest. the rocks have been pushed so far that they have cracked. The upper limb has been pushed forward along the crack or fault line.

Question 12

when was the celadonian orogeny

Answer 12

400 mya

Question 13

give an example of celadonian orogeny

Answer 13

Highlands of Scotland, Appalachian Mountains, North America, Bluestack Mountains and Wicklow Mountains

Question 14

what plates colided in the celadonian orogeny

Answer 14

the American and Eurasian plates collided

Question 15

what type of trend does the celadonian orogeny have

Answer 15

a SW–NE trend

Question 16

where is the celadonian orogeny mainly located

Answer 16

located in the north-western and Leinster regions of Ireland.

Question 17

how high where the celadonian mouintain ranges

Answer 17

These mountain ranges were as high as the Alps or Himalayas today but they are much, much older.

Question 18

why did the celadonian mouintains reduce in height

Answer 18

They have reduced dramatically in height due to the effects of weathering and erosion [denudation].

Question 19

what type of rocks did the celadonian mouintains reveal

Answer 19

exposed some of the igneous and metamorphic rocks that lie well below the surface.

Question 20

when was the amorican orogeny

Answer 20

250 MYA

Question 21

give an example of amorican orogeny

Answer 21

ridge and valley landscape of Munster (Case Study), Paris Basin and France

Question 22

what plates colided in the amorican orogeny

Answer 22

African and Eurasian plates collided.

Question 23

what trend does the amorican orogeny have

Answer 23

The folding has an E–W trend.

Question 24

when did redstone develop in ireland

Answer 24

when Ireland had desert climate approx. 380mya

Question 25

what formed on top of the layers of ORS 350mya, when Ireland lay below a warm, shallow sea.

Answer 25

Limestone

Question 26

what are munster ridge and valley

Answer 26

Armorican fold mountains

Question 27

why did the munster ridge and valley happen

Answer 27

The African and Eurasian continental plates collided, causing land to buckle upwards.

Question 28

where did the munster ridge and valley happen

Answer 28

Munster, Ireland

Question 29

when did the munster ridge and valley happen

Answer 29

250 mya

Question 30

what caused the munster ridge and valley (not the plates)

Answer 30

compression caused by two plates colliding caused these rock strata to fold into anticlines and synclines.

Question 31

example of munster ridge and valley mouintains

Answer 31

e Galtees, Comeraghs and Macgillycuddy Reeks.

Question 32

what effect did the munster ridge and valley have

Answer 32

Trellised drainage patterns as the rivers along the valleys try to navigate their way southwards to the sea. E.g. Bandon , Lee and Blackwater.