FOI CFI INITIAL Flashcards
What is the result of learning
a change in behavior
What is human behavior?
- the product of factors that cause people to act in a predictable way
- result of attempts to satisfy certain needs
Maslows Hierarchy
- Physiological
- Security
- Belonging
- Self esteem
- Self actualization
What are defense mechanisms?
the reaction to a certain situation (flying) that attempts to protect or preserve the student
What are the defense mechanisms that you will see when teaching?
- Repression
- Denial
- Compensation
- Projection
- Rationalization
- Fantasy
- Displacement
- Reaction Forulation
What is repression ?
hiding the fear or uncomfortable thought in your subconscious; “burying the fear”
what is denial?
refusal to accept the reality of the situation; “well nothing bad happened from it”
what is Compensation?
– emphasizing a strength is hopes of counterbalancing shortcomings; “we need more work on stalls… ya but my landings were all great”
What is Projection?
blaming others or the situation for failures; “I failed the check ride because my examiner was a jerk”
What is rationalization?
creating excuses for failures; “I would have done better but I didn’t have enough time”
What is fantasy?
when a student daydreams about situations to avoid negative thoughts; “daydreaming of career in aviation instead of working towards it”
What is displacement?
submerging the feeling and taking them out on someone else
What is Reaction Formation?
When a student creates a reaction that they believe that is more desirable to cover up the real reaction
What is a normal reaction to stress?
• Rapid response exactly within limits of their experience and training
What are abnormal reactions to stress?
- Complete absence and freezing
- Random and illogical
- Extreme over cooperation
- Inappropriate laughter or singing
- Anger
What is learning?
the acquisition of knowledge, skills, and experience that results in a relatively permanent change in behavior
What are the two theories of learning?
- Behaviorism
`2. Cognitive theory
What is behaviorism?
learn through rewards– that a behavior modification takes place with the reinforcement of that behavior or punishment;
What is cognitive theory?
– Learn through doing/interacting – that learning is not just a change in behavior but a change in the way the person thinks/understands
How do people learn?
- Perceptions
- Insights
- Motivations
What are perceptions?
giving meaning to the sensations experienced through your 5 senses
What are insights?
grouping of perceptions into meaningful wholes
What is motivation?
The reason for someone doing something
What are the factors that effect perceptions?
- Psychical organism
- Goals and values
- Self-concept
- Time and opportunity
- Element of threat
What are the domains of learning?
- Cognitive
- Affective
- Psycomotor domain
What does the cognitive domain deal with?
knowledge
What does the affective domain deal with?
attitudes/values/beleifs
What does the psycomotor domain deal with
skills./motorskills
What are the levels of learning?
- Rote
- Understanding
- Application
- Correlation
What are the stages of acquiring knowledge?
- Memorization
- Understanding
- Concept learning
What are the stages of acquiring a skill?
- Cognitive
- Associative
- Automatic response
What are the laws of learning?
- law of readiness
- law of effect
- Law of excessive
- law of primacy
- Law of intensity
- Law of recency
What is the law of readiness?
students that are prepared by the instructors (reason for doing the maneuver) are more likely to pick up perceptions and therefore learn; students that know the purpose are usually more motivated
What is the law of effect?
students are more likely to learn the information or lesson if it has a profound emotional effect on them; instructors want to have a positive emotional effect on the student throughout each lesson
What is the exercise ?
students are more likely to learn the task if they practice it and learning is weakened without practice; real world application practice is necessary lesson conducted by instructors
What is the law of primacy?
Students are more likely to remember and form habits from the first impression of learning; first experience should be fun because bad habits and experiences are hard to shake
What is the law of intensity?
students tend to learn better by actually doing the activity instead of just talking about it
What is the law of recency?
students will tend to remember what they have most recently been taught and tend to forget the lessons that happened long ago; an instructor should teach the ground lesson supporting the flight most recently
What are the characteristics of learning?
- Purposeful
- Result of experience
- Multifaceted
- An active process
What is a learning plateau and how do you cope with this?
When learning students may experience what appears to be a plateau after a rapid growth on knowledge
THIS IS NORMAL and the instructor should move to another topic and come back to the lesson so that the student doesn’t get frustrated or lose motivation
What are the types of practice?
- deliberate practice
- Blocked practice
- Random Practice
What is deliberate practice?
Practice to which the instructor has the student focus on one skill
What is blocked practice?
practice that involves practicing the same drill over and over again until it becomes automatic; block practice will benefit short term memory
What is random practice?
practice of different skills in random order so that the student can notice similarities that help with long term retention
What are the types of errors
- slip
2. Mistake
What is a slip?
When a student tries to do something and something else occurs
What is a mistake?
When a student tries to do one thing and does something else instead and succeeds
What are the types of memory?
- Sensory Memory
- Short-term memory
- Long-term memory
What is sensory memory?
Memory created from the initial sensing of an individual (1st perception)
What is short-term memory?
Part of the memory that last 30 seconds and either fades or is stored for long term memory
What is long-term memory?
Memory that is relatively permanent
What are the types of forgetting?
- Retrieval Failure
- Fading
- Interference
- Repression
What is retrieval failure?
forgetting that takes place when you have the inability to retrieve the information
What is fading?
The type of forgetting to which if you don’t use the information you lose the information
What is interference?
A type of forgetting due to one experience overshadowing another
What is Repression
a type of forgetting to which a student will bury the memory in subconscious because its unpleasant
What are 5 things instructors can do to enhance a students memory?
- Praise
- Associate
- attitude
- senses
- Repetition
What are the types of learning?
- Positive
2. Negative
What is positive learning?
When one thing learned enhances a students ability to learn another thing
What is negative learning?
When learning one things lessens the students ability to learn another thing
What is the communication process made up of?
- Source
- Symbols
- Retriever (listener)
What are the barriers to communication?
- Confusion over symbols
- Overuse of abstraction
- Lack of common experience
- Interference
what are the ways to enhance communication?
- Role playing
- Know your stuff
- Listen
- Ask good questions
- Prepare effectively
- Always keep learning
What are the steps in the teaching process?
- Preparation
- Presentation
- Application
- Evaluation/critique
What are the types of objectives?
- Decision based objectives
2. Performance-based objectives
What is a decision based objective?
An objective set that is completed when the student makes the correct decision
What is a performance based objective?
an objective to which the student must act within the given standards to complete
What are the parts of a performance based objective?
- Skill
- Conditions
- Criteria
What are the parts of a presentation?
- Introduction
- Development
- Conclusions
What are the teaching methods?
- Lecture method
- Discussion method
- Group learning
- Computer based learning
- Demonstration performance method
What are the types of assessments?
- Traditional
- authentic
- Oral
What is a traditional assessment?
a written test
What is an authentic assessment?
a performance assessment (real life)
What is an oral assessment?
quick questioning to make sure the student understands
A good assessment must be…
- Objective
- Flexible
- Acceptable
- Comprehensive
- Constructive
- Organized
- Thoughtful
- Specific
What are the flight instructors responsibilities?
- Help the student learn
- Teach the student
- Motivate the student
- Set the standards
- Emphasize the positive
- Assess the students learning
- Ensure Safety
- Endorse
- Be a professional
What are the methods of flight training?
- Demonstration performance
2. Integrated
What are some obstacles during flight instruction?
- Feeling of unfair treatment
- Impatience
- Worry or lack of interest
- Physical discomfort, illness, fatigue, and dehydration
- Apathy due to inadequate preparation or poor instruction
- Anxiety
What are some risk management practices?
- IMSAFE
- PAVE
- 5 P’s
