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Cyber Defense & Countermeasures > Focused ECIHv2 Study Guide > Flashcards

Focused ECIHv2 Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Risk equation?

A

Risk = Threat X Vulnerabilty

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2
Q

In Order, What is the Risk Assessment Process?

A
  1. System Characterization
  2. Threat Identification
  3. Vulnerability Identification
  4. Control Analysis
  5. Likelihood Analysis
  6. Impact Analysis
  7. Risk Determination
  8. Control Recommendation
  9. Risk Assessment Report
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3
Q

What is PILAR?

A

Risk Analysis and Management Software

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4
Q

What is the purpose of Incident Response Orchestration - Automation?

A

To automatically notify a person when there’s an incident.

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5
Q

ISO/IEC 27000

A

Overview and introduction of the information security management systems

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6
Q

ISO/IEC 27001

A

The Information Security Management System (ISMS) requirements

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7
Q

ISO/IEC 27002

A

Code of practice for information security controls

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8
Q

ISO/IEC 27003

A

Information Security Management System implementation guidance

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9
Q

ISO/IEC 27004

A

Information Security Management

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10
Q

ISO/IEC 27005

A

Information Security Risk Management

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11
Q

ISO/IEC 27006

A

Requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of Information Security Management Systems

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12
Q

ISO/IEC 27007

A

Guidelines for Information Security Management Systems auditing

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13
Q

ISO/IEC TR 27008

A

Guidance for auditors on ISMS controls

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14
Q

ISO/IEC 27009

A

Guidelines for those producing sector or industry-specific ISO27k standards

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15
Q

ISO/IEC 27010

A

Information Security Management for inter-sector and inter-organizational communications

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16
Q

NIST 800-86

A

Incident Response Approach

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17
Q

NIST 800-61 Rev.2

A

Incident handling guide

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18
Q

RFC 2196

A

RFC 2196 builds on RFC 1244 and is a guide to setting computer security policies

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19
Q

COBIT IT

A

Governance framework that emphasizes compliance and helps increase the value of ID

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20
Q

NIST 800-61

A

Step-by-step instructions for new and established incident response teams

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21
Q

Graham-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA)

A

Deals with financial institutions, specifically PII

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22
Q

Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX)

A

Fair and accurate corporate reporting. Deals with corporate fraud.

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23
Q

General Data Protection Regulations (GDPR)

A

Article 32: Speaks to the CIA triad and the ability to restore PII on time

Article 33: Must notify if data is breached within 72 hours, if possible

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24
Q

NIST: Incident Handling Criteria and Reporting Timeframe

A 
Cat 0 Exercise/Network Defense Testing
Cat 1 Unauthorized Access – 1 hour
Cat 2 DOS – 2 hours
Cat 3 Malicious code – 1 hour
Cat 4 Inappropriate usage - Weekly
Cat 5 Scan/Probe/Attempting access – Monthly
Cat 6 Investigation
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25
Q

buck-security

A

Linux tools which identify the security status of a system

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26
Q

Kiwi Syslog Server

A

Centrally manages Syslog messages

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27
Q

Splunk

A

Collects, monitors and analyzes log files

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28
Q

Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer

A

Gets the security posture of a Windows system, indicates whether a system is missing security patches.

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29
Q

Magic Tree

A

Reporting tool using a tree structure

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30
Q

KeepNote

A

Multi-platform notetaking software.

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31
Q

Forensic Readiness Planning

A
  1. Identify potential evidence
  2. Determine source
  3. Define a policy that determines the pathway
  4. Establish a handling and storing policy
  5. Does it require a full or formal investigation?
  6. Train staff
  7. Special process for documenting
  8. Legal advisory board
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32
Q

rc.local

A

The script /etc/rc. local is for use by the system administrator. It is traditionally executed after all the normal system services are started, at the end of the process of switching to a multiuser runlevel. You might use it to start a custom service, for example a server that’s installed in /usr/local.

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33
Q

Common Imaging Software

A

FTK Imager and R-Drive Image

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34
Q

Order of Volatility

A
  1. Registers and Cache
  2. Routing table, process table, kernel stats, memory
  3. Temp files
  4. Disk or storage media
  5. Remote logging
  6. Physical config and network topology
  7. Archival media
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35
Q

Data Collection Commands

A

Systeminfo.exe – Windows
PsInfo – Windows
Cat – Linux
Uname – Linux

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36
Q

Uptime Commands

A
  • PsUptime – Windows
  • Date /t – Windows (show date and time)
  • Net Statistics – Windows
  • Uptime and W – Linux
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37
Q

Process Commands

A

• Netsat – ab (Windows) All executable files
• ListDLLs (Windows) shows all DLLs
• Pslist.exe (Window) shows running processes and
uptime
• Pmdump (Windows) tries to help find rogue
processes
• Top (Linux) system info summary as well as
processes and threads
• W (Linux) current processes per user
• Ps root’s processes
• Pstree shows processes in a tree form

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38
Q

Network Commands

A
  • Nbstat -c contents (cache name and ip)
  • Netstat -ano (all connections and even ports)
  • Netstat -r (routing table and frequent routes)
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39
Q

Cyber Triage

A

Simplified collection and analysis of endpoint data

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40
Q

Process Explorer

A

DLLs of processes – Can show you malware hits on Virus Total

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41
Q

Forensic Explorer

A

Undelete and slack space

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42
Q

Forensic toolkit (FTK)

A

decryption and password cracking

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43
Q

Event Log Explorer

A

Event logs in Windows

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44
Q

OSForensics

A

Discover relevant forensic data through searching and indexing as well as undelete, also cheap

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45
Q

Helix3

A

Gives visibility across your entire network revealing internet abuse, data sharing and harassment

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46
Q

Autopsy

A

view file system, restore deleted data and timeline analysis

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47
Q

EnCase

A

Does pretty much everything, very expensive

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48
Q

Foremost

A

Linux recovers files based on headers, footers and internal data structures

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49
Q

Golden Ticket

A

Stolen Kerberos ticket

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50
Q

Syscall Proxying

A

Remote commands

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51
Q

Userland Execve Technique

A

Unix process load and execute ELF binary image

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52
Q

ADS (Alternate data stream)

A

Hide files in NTFS

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53
Q

Trail Obfuscation

A

Trying to mislead investigators

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54
Q

Preparing Malware Testbed Steps

A

Step 1: Allocate a physical system for the analysis lab
Step 2: Install virtual machine on the system
Step 3: Install guest OS on the virtual machine
Step 4: isolate the system for the network by ensuring that the NIC card is in “host only” mode
Step 5: Simulate internet services using tools such as iNetSim
Step 6: Disable the “shared folders” and the “guest isolation”
Step 7: Install malware analysis tools
Step 8: Generate hash value of each OS and tool
Step 9: Copy the malware over to the guest OS

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55
Q

Live System/Dynamic Analysis

A

A malware detection technique for live systems that are operational

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56
Q

Intrusion Analysis

A

A malware detection technique that utilizes logs and alerts of IDS, SIEMS, etc…

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57
Q

TCPView

A

GUI TCP viewer

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58
Q

Process Monitor

A

GUI that allows filtering of real time monitoring, you can use it to drill down clear to driver stack information and see individual commands sent over the network to the machine. You can also right click on the process and search it online.

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59
Q

Registry Monitoring Tools

A 
Regshot
Reg Organizer
Registry Viewer
RegScanner
Registrar Registry Manager
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60
Q

Autoruns

A

Monitors autoruns, you can verify signatures and jump to reg key or file location

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61
Q

SIGVERIF

A

Checks file and folder integrity by verifying hash values

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62
Q

HashMyFiles

A

Hashes files

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63
Q

IDA Pro

A

Multi-platform disassembler and debugger through instruction tracing, functions tracing, read/write/execute tracing

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64
Q

Memory Dump Analysis Using Volatility Framework

A 
connections - 
connscan - 
psscan - 
pstree - 
malfind - 
apihooks - 
printkey - 
idt - 
threads - 
modscan - 
getsids - 
filescan - 
sockets - 
mutantscan -
65
Q

SSDT View and ReKall

A

Identify SSDT patching by rootkits

66
Q

RogueKiller

A

Identifies kernal-mode rootkits

67
Q

CapLoad and Wireshark

A

Detect malicious beaconing traffic

68
Q

PRTG Network Monitor and GFI Languard

A

Identify unwanted traffic to malicious and unknown external entities

69
Q

Mail Bombing

A

DOS attack by overloading an email box

70
Q

Mail Storming

A

DOS by reply all to large distribution lists

71
Q

Spear Phishing

A

Targeted at a specific person or group

72
Q

Whaling

A

Targeting high profile people, like executives

73
Q

Pharming

A

Redirecting traffic using DNS poisoning or host file modification

74
Q

Spimming

A

Spam on Instant Messanger

75
Q

Puddle Phishing

A

Targeting small organizations

76
Q

CEO Scam

A

Impersonating a CEO to get employees to do something for you (Like the Google Play card scams that are super common)

77
Q

Netcraft

A

Neighborhood watch scheme to help defend community against phishing – also includes a toolbar that gives a website a risk rating

78
Q

PhishTank

A

Open API for developers and researchers to integrate anti-phishing data into their applications

79
Q

MxToolbox

A

Makes email headers human readable by parsing them according to RFC 822

80
Q

Email Dossier, Email Address Verifier, emailvalidator, Email Checker, and G-Lock Software Email Verifier

A

All email validity checkers

81
Q

eMailTrackerPro

A

Analyzes email header and reveals sender’s geographical location and IP address

82
Q

EventLog Analyzer

A

Used to analyze email logs at server level

83
Q

Recover My eMail

A

Uses Outlook PST or DBX files to recover deleted emails

84
Q

Gophish

A

Used to create phishing simulations to test your organizations exposure to phasing – usually used to schedule people for additional security awareness training

85
Q

SPAMfighter

A

An automatic SPAM filter

86
Q

Gpg4win

A

Email encryption and digital signatures

87
Q

Suricata

A

IDS/IPS/Network Security Monitoring (NSM)/offline pcap processing

88
Q

Ntopng

A

Web-based network traffic monitoring released under GPLv3

89
Q

Wireshark - Detect ICMP Ping Sweep Attempts

A

Icmp.type==8 or icmp.type==0

90
Q

Wireshark - Detect TCP ping sweep

A

Tcp.dstport==7

91
Q

Wireshark - Detect UDP ping sweep

A

Udp.dstport==7

92
Q

Wireshark - It is used to see if a port is open, RST response if port is closed

93
Q

Wireshark - Used if there is a large amount of RST or ICMP type 3 packets

A

Stealth Scan

94
Q

Wireshark - Used if the TCP session is less than 4 packets it can be a sign of a TCP port scan

A

Stealth Scan Detection – Statistics>Conversations>TCP

95
Q

Wireshark - A full three-way handshake to find open ports

A

A full connect scan

96
Q

Wireshark - Same detection method as stealth scan

A

TCP full connect scan detection

97
Q

Wireshark - Checks for SYN, SYN+ACK, RST+ACK or ICMP Type 3 packets

A

Full scan detection

98
Q

Wireshark - Null Scans

A

TCP packets without a setting flag
RST = Port closed, no response = open or filtered
Detect using TCP.flags==0x000

99
Q

Wireshark - Xmas Scans

A

Attacker uses FIN, PSH, and URG TCP flags and waits for a response
RST = Port closed, no response = open or filtered
Detect using tcp.flags==0x029

100
Q

Wireshark - ARP poisoning detection

A
  • Duplicate IP address configured messages
  • Arp.duplicate-address-detected
  • Xarp is another tool that can be used to do this besides Wireshark
101
Q

PromqryUI

A

Detect network interfaces running in promiscuous mode

102
Q

NMAP

A

Detect network interfaces running in promiscuous mode using nmap –script=sniffer-detect (target ip address/range of ip addresses)

103
Q

ZENMAP

A

GUI version of NMAP

104
Q

DoS/DDoS - Volumetric Attacks

A 
o	Measured in bits-per-second
o	UDP Flood
o	ICMP Flood
o	Ping of death
o	Smurf
105
Q

DoS/DDoS - Protocol Attacks

A 
o	Measured in packets-per-second
o	SYN flood
o	Fragmentation
o	ACK flood
o	TCP state exhaustion
106
Q

DoS/DDoS - Application Layer Attacks

A

o Measured in requests-per-second
o HTTP GET/POST
o Sloworis

107
Q

DoS/DDoS - Permanent Attack

A

Plashing – Bricks the system (Bad firmware updates)

108
Q

DoS/DDoS - Distributed Reflection Attack

A

Reflects transmissions of third parties before the target to amplify attack

109
Q

DoS/DDoS Tools

A

o Low Orbit Ion Cannon – Flood target with UDP, TCP or HTTP packets or requests
o High Orbit Ion Cannon – DDOS version, just select IP/Port/Protocol
o Additional Tools – HULK, Black Hat Hacking Tools, DAVOSET, Tsunami, R-U-Dead-Yet

110
Q

KFSensor

A

Honeypot software to attract and detect hackers

111
Q

RFC 3704 Filtering

A

Limits impact by denying spoofed addresses

112
Q

CISCO IPS Source IP Reputation Filtering

A

Uses Cisco database to check reputation of connection source

113
Q

Black Hole Filtering

A

Discarding packets at the routing level

114
Q

Anti DDOS Guardian & D-Guard Anti-DDOS Firewall

A

Anti-DDOS software

115
Q

Incapsula

A

Mitigates any size attack without impacting legitimate traffic and latency

116
Q

Shell Injection

A

System (), StartProcess (), java.lang.runtime.exec (), System.Diagnostics.Process.Start ()

117
Q

Cross-Site Request Forgery

A

Spoofed requests on behalf of the logged in user

118
Q

\’

A

Single-quote character

119
Q

|

120
Q

\%27

A

Single-quote character

121
Q

--

A

Double-dash

122
Q

#

123
Q

\%23

A

Hex version of #

124
Q

What does the ‘i’ mean at the end of a regular expression?

A

Case insensitive

125
Q

What does the ‘x’ mean at the end of a regular expression?

A

Ignore white spaces

126
Q

\%3d

127
Q

\%3b

128
Q

\%6f

129
Q

\%4f

130
Q

\%72

131
Q

\%52

132
Q

\%2e

133
Q

\%2f

134
Q

\%5c

135
Q

16 bit Unicode

A

Replaces unusual Unicode with %u

136
Q

UTF-8

A

% followed by the hexcode (%c2 for example)

137
Q

Base64

A

Represents binary data in printable ASCII characters

138
Q

Hex Encoding

A

HTML encoding scheme that uses hex values of every character

139
Q

%0a

140
Q

%20

141
Q

&amp

143
Q

&gt

144
Q

Who is the Cloud Consumer?

145
Q

Who is the Cloud Carrier?

A

Intermediary between user and provider (Transport services)

146
Q

Who is the Cloud Auditor?

A

Makes independent assessments of cloud service controls

147
Q

Who is the Cloud Broker?

A

Manages the cloud service and maintains relationship between provider and consumer (the reseller)

148
Q

AICPA SAS 70 Type II

A

Cloud Security best practice

149
Q

CloudPassage Halo

A

All security functions needed to deploy servers securely in public and hybrid clouds

150
Q

Pod Slurping

A

Stealing information using small devices like iPods/iPads/phones/MP3 players/etc

151
Q

Where to find USB Connected History

A

Windows - HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Enum\USB (Windows)

Mac - System Information->Hardware->USB

Linux - usb-devices

152
Q

ObserveIT

A

Threat Management solution that monitors user behavior with “eyes on the endpoint”

153
Q

DataRobot

A

Automated machine learning platform to detect insider threats

154
Q

Ekran System

A

Helps monitor/detect/analyze user-based insider threats

155
Q

NERC 1300

A

North America Electric Reliability Corporation

156
Q

Mirekusoft

A

Uninstaller

157
Q

SysAnalyzer

A

Malcode analyzer

158
Q

OWASP

A

Top 10 Web Application Security Risks

159
Q

Cross-site Forgery

A

Also known as one-click attacks

Cyber Defense & Countermeasures (3 decks)

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