Focal Epilepsies

Question 1

most common symptom of MTLE

Answer 1

ascending epigastric aura

Question 2

most common aura in MTLE after epigastric aura

Answer 2

Fear

Question 3

is a subjectively inappropriate impression of familiarity of a present experience with an undefined past.

Answer 3

deja vu

Question 4

It is a false feeling of unfamiliarity (has not been experienced, seen or heard) with something that has been previously encountered.

Answer 4

jamais vu

Question 5

for each described seizure semiology, identify localization/part of the frontal lobe

seizure patterns are postural, focal tonic with vocalisation, speech arrest and fencing postures

Answer 5

supplementary motor

Question 6

for each described seizure semiology, identify localization/part of the frontal lobe

complex partial with complex gestural automatisms at onset
autonomic signs are common, as are changes in mood and affect

Answer 6

cingulate

Question 7

for each described seizure semiology, identify localization/part of the frontal lobe

forced thinking, initial loss of contact and adversive movements of head and eyes, with possible evolution including contraversive movements and axial clonic jerks and falls and autonomic signs

Answer 7

anterior frontopolar region

Question 8

for each described seizure semiology, identify localization/part of the frontal lobe

complex partial seizure with initial motor and gestural automatisms, olfactory hallucinations, and illusions and autonomic signs

Answer 8

orbitofrontal

Question 9

for each described seizure semiology, identify localization/part of the frontal lobe

tonic, or less commonly clonic, with versive eye and head movements, and speech arrest

Answer 9

dorsolateral

Question 10

for each described seizure semiology, identify localization/part of the frontal lobe

mas ti cation, salivation, swallowing, laryngeal symp -toms, speech arrest, epigastric aura, fear and auto-nomic phenomena
gustatory halliucinations

Answer 10

opercular

Question 11

for each described seizure semiology, identify localization/part of the frontal lobe

partial motor seizures without march or jacksonian seizures occur, particularly beginning in the contralateral upper extremities

Answer 11

rolandic area

Question 12

for each described seizure semiology, identify localization/part of the frontal lobe

tonic movements of the ipsilateral foot may occur as well as the expected contralateral leg movements. Post-ictal or Todd’s paralysis is frequent

Answer 12

paracentral lobule

Question 13

treatment for frontal lobe epilepsies

Answer 13

topiramate may be a first option

Question 14

True or False

EPC is sometimes ‘aggravated by action or sensory stimuli’.

Answer 14

true

Movement or other means of activation of the affected muscles may be a charac-teristic feature in some patient

Question 15

age-related specific epileptic encephalopathy resulting from multiple and diverse causes. It is characterised by a unique type of seizure called epileptic (infantile) spasms and gross EEG abnormalities of hypsarrhythmia
occurs between 3-12months

Answer 15

West Syndrome

Question 16

characterised by a tetrad of seizures, which is seen in more than half of cases:
early infantile febrile clonic convulsions
myoclonic jerks
atypical absences
complex focal seizures.
convulsive, myoclonic status epilepticus are frequent

Answer 16

Dravet Syndrome