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foam Flashcards

1
Q

Five sources of energy:

A 
Chemical 
Electrical 
Nuclear
Mechanical 
Solar
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2
Q

Four types of chemical heat energy:

A

Heat of combustion
Spontaneous heating
Heat of decomposition
Heat of solution

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3
Q

Five types of electrical heat energy:

A 
Resistance 
Dielectric 
Leakage 
Arcing 
Static electricity
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4
Q

Two ways mechanical heat is generated:

A

Heat of Friction

Heat of Compression

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5
Q

Nuclear energy is generated by:

A

Fusion or Fission

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6
Q

Solar heat energy is the:

A

Energy transmitted from the sun in form of electromagnetic radiation.

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7
Q

Three laws of physics that involve the transmission of heat:

A

Convection
Conduction
Radiation

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8
Q

Conduction is:

A

the transfer of heat from one body to another by direct contact of two bodies

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9
Q

Convection is:

A

the transfer of heat by the movement of heated air or liquid

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10
Q

Radiation is:

A

the transmission of energy as an electromagnetic wave without an intervening medium. (heat waves or infrared)

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11
Q

Three states of matter that fuel may be found:

A

Liquid
Solid
Gas

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12
Q

The degree of flammability is determined by the characteristics of fuel:

A 
Shape and Size 
Postion 
Density 
Water Solubility 
Reactivity 
Volatility
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13
Q

Flash point:

A

minimum temperature at which a liquid releases enough vapors to form an ignitable mixture

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14
Q

Lower Flammable Level: LFL

A

the minimum concentration of fuel vapor and air that supports combustion (below this level is considered to lean)

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15
Q

Upper Flammable Level: UFL

A

concentration levels above which combustion can not take place (to rich)

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16
Q

Fire point:

A

the temperature at which a fuel produces sufficient vapors to support combustion once it is ignited

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17
Q

Flammable liquids:

A

any liquids that releases enough vapors to support combustion at temperature, below 100 degrees F

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18
Q

Combustable liquids

A

any liquids that must be at temperatures above 100 degree F to release flammable vapors

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19
Q

Four elements of the fire tetrahedron:

A

Fuel
Heat
Oxygen
Chemical Chain Reaction

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20
Q

A positive heat balance:

A

occurs when heat is fed back to the fuel and is required to maintain combustion

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21
Q

A negative balance:

A

the heat is dissipated faster than it is generated

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22
Q

Oxygen below ____ percent do not support combustion.

A

15

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23
Q

A series of reactions that occur in sequence with the results of each individual reaction being added to the rest.

A

Chain reaction

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24
Q

The growth and development of fires is usually controlled by:

A

fuel available and oxygen

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25
Q

Stages of fire development:

A 
Incipient 
Growth
Flashover
Fully developed 
Decay
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26
Q

Compartment fire in the growth stage are generally:

A

fuel controlled

27
Q

_______ is the transition between the growth and fully developed fire stage.

A

Flashover

28
Q

Factors that impact the development of a fire in a compartment:

A

Size and number of ventilation openings
Volume of the compartment
Hight of the compartment
Size and location of the first fuel group ignited and total fuel load in the compartment

29
Q

Factors that effect the development of a fire outside a compartment:

A

Wind direction
Relative humidity
Terrain and slope
Size, composition, and location of the fuel package that is first ignited
Availability and locations of additional fuel package (target fuels)

30
Q

____ ____ of gases is the tendency of gases to form layers according to temperate. (heat stratification or thermal balance)

A

Thermal Layering

31
Q

Smoke is a heated mixture of:

A

Air, gases, and particles

32
Q

Indications of a potential back draft:

A 
Pressurized smoke exiting small openings
Black smoke becoming dense gray yellow 
Confinement and excessive heat
Little or no visible flame
Puffs of smoke exiting or at intervals (breathing)
Smoke-stained window glass
33
Q

Class Alpha fire:

A

Ordinary combustibles materials such as wood, cloth, paper, rubber, and many plastics

34
Q

Class Bravo fire:

A

Flammable and combustible liquids and gases such as gasoline, oil, lacquers, paints, mineral sprits, alcohols, and natural gas

35
Q

Hydrocarbons:

A

Petroleum based compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon (specific gravity less than one)

36
Q

Polar Solvents:

A

Flammable liquids that have an attraction for water and are miscible; alcohol, acetone, ketone, ether

37
Q

Class Charlie Fire:

A

Energized electrical equipment

38
Q

Class Delta Fire:

A

Combustible metals such as aluminum, magnesium, titanium, sodium, and potassium

39
Q

Four methods of extinguishing fire:

A
  1. Reducing its temperature
  2. Fuel removal
  3. Oxygen Exclusion
  4. Chemical Flame Inhibition
40
Q

Sodium nitrate and potassium chlorate:

A

produce their own oxygen and allow fuels to burn in a oxygen free atmosphere

41
Q

Advantages of water as an extinguishing agent:

A
  • Readily available and inexpensive
  • Great heat-absorbing capacity than other common agents
  • A relatively large amount of heat is required to change to steam
  • The greater the surface area of the water exposed, the more rapidly heat is absorbed
42
Q

Attempting to use Class A foam solution on a Class B fire can result in:

A

fire spread, re-ignition, or even injuries to emergency personnel.

43
Q

Finished foam extinguishes and/or prevents fire by:

A

Separating
Cooling
Suppressing (smothering)

44
Q

Uniformed-sized bubbles provide long lasting foam blankets that are highly desirable in _____ or ______ spill event.

A

postfire

unignited

45
Q

What four elements must be present to produce a foam blanket:

A

Foam concentrate
Water
Air
Mechanical aeration

46
Q

Foam concentrate:

A

Liquid found in a foam storage container before the introduction of water

47
Q

Foam solution:

A

Mixture in the proper ration of foam concentrate and water before the introduction of air

48
Q

Foam proportioner:

A

Device that mixes foam concentrate in the proper ration with water

49
Q

Finished foam:

A

Completed product after air is introduced into the foam solution and after it leaves the nozzle or aerator

50
Q

Expansion is a key characteristic to consider when choosing a foam concentrate for a specific application.
Factors that effect the expansion of foam:

A
  • Type of foam concentrate used
  • Accurate proportioning of foam concentrate and water
  • Quality of foam concentrate
  • Method of aspiration (fog nozzle or aerating nozzle)
51
Q

Foam concentrates can be described as one of three types: (NFPA 11)

A

Low-expansion
Medium-expansion
High-expansion

52
Q

NFPA 1150:

A

Standard on Firefighting Foam Chemicals for Class A Rural, Suburban, and Vegetated Areas

53
Q

The ___ O2 that is required to degrade a particular foam, the _____ or more ___________ friendly the foam when it enters a body of water. Class ___ foams can have a _____ effect on fish.

A 
less 
better
environmentally
A
lethal
54
Q

Elements that effect the drain process of foam:

A 
Fuel Temperature
Heat of the fire
Size of the flame front
Ambient air temperature
Wind
55
Q

Class A foam concentrate is a formulation of:

A

hydrocarbon surfactant

56
Q

Class A foam concentrate proportioning:
Fire attack and overhaul with standard fog nozzles:
Exposure protection with standard fog nozzles:
Air-aspirating foam nozzle:
CAFS:

A

.2 to .5%
.5 to 1%
.3 to 1%
.2 to .5%

57
Q

Four basic methods by which foam may be proportioned:

A

Induction
Batch Mixing
Injection
Premixing

58
Q

This system is commonly employed in apparatus-mounted or fixed suppression systems:

A

Injection

59
Q

The simplest method of mixing foam concentrate and water; This method is commonly practiced with Class A foam concentrate and can be done with all concentrates except?

A 
Batch Mixing (pump-and-dump)
AR-AFFF
60
Q

This method mixes pre-measured portions of water and foam concentrate in a container:

A

Premixing (fire extinguisher)

61
Q

This method of proportioning foam uses the pressure energy in the stream of water to draft foam concentrate into a fire stream:

A

Eduction

62
Q

Foam concentrate storage containers

A 
5 gallon pail
55 gallon drum 
250-450 gallon IBC
1500-8000 gallons Foam tenders
20-200 gallons Apparatus tanks
63
Q

Foam friendly tanks:

A

Poly, fiberglass, and stainless steel; do not use mild steel, galvanized steel, or aluminum for foam tank contraction.

Foam (1 decks)

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