foam

Question 1

Five sources of energy:

Answer 1

Chemical 
Electrical 
Nuclear
Mechanical 
Solar

Question 2

Four types of chemical heat energy:

Answer 2

Heat of combustion
Spontaneous heating
Heat of decomposition
Heat of solution

Question 3

Five types of electrical heat energy:

Answer 3

Resistance 
Dielectric 
Leakage 
Arcing 
Static electricity

Question 4

Two ways mechanical heat is generated:

Answer 4

Heat of Friction

Heat of Compression

Question 5

Nuclear energy is generated by:

Answer 5

Fusion or Fission

Question 6

Solar heat energy is the:

Answer 6

Energy transmitted from the sun in form of electromagnetic radiation.

Question 7

Three laws of physics that involve the transmission of heat:

Answer 7

Convection
Conduction
Radiation

Question 8

Conduction is:

Answer 8

the transfer of heat from one body to another by direct contact of two bodies

Question 9

Convection is:

Answer 9

the transfer of heat by the movement of heated air or liquid

Question 10

Radiation is:

Answer 10

the transmission of energy as an electromagnetic wave without an intervening medium. (heat waves or infrared)

Question 11

Three states of matter that fuel may be found:

Answer 11

Liquid
Solid
Gas

Question 12

The degree of flammability is determined by the characteristics of fuel:

Answer 12

Shape and Size 
Postion 
Density 
Water Solubility 
Reactivity 
Volatility

Question 13

Flash point:

Answer 13

minimum temperature at which a liquid releases enough vapors to form an ignitable mixture

Question 14

Lower Flammable Level: LFL

Answer 14

the minimum concentration of fuel vapor and air that supports combustion (below this level is considered to lean)

Question 15

Upper Flammable Level: UFL

Answer 15

concentration levels above which combustion can not take place (to rich)

Question 16

Fire point:

Answer 16

the temperature at which a fuel produces sufficient vapors to support combustion once it is ignited

Question 17

Flammable liquids:

Answer 17

any liquids that releases enough vapors to support combustion at temperature, below 100 degrees F

Question 18

Combustable liquids

Answer 18

any liquids that must be at temperatures above 100 degree F to release flammable vapors

Question 19

Four elements of the fire tetrahedron:

Answer 19

Fuel
Heat
Oxygen
Chemical Chain Reaction

Question 20

A positive heat balance:

Answer 20

occurs when heat is fed back to the fuel and is required to maintain combustion

Question 21

A negative balance:

Answer 21

the heat is dissipated faster than it is generated

Question 22

Oxygen below ____ percent do not support combustion.

Answer 22

15

Question 23

A series of reactions that occur in sequence with the results of each individual reaction being added to the rest.

Answer 23

Chain reaction

Question 24

The growth and development of fires is usually controlled by:

Answer 24

fuel available and oxygen

Question 25

Stages of fire development:

Answer 25

``` Incipient Growth Flashover Fully developed Decay ```

Question 26

Compartment fire in the growth stage are generally:

Answer 26

fuel controlled

Question 27

_______ is the transition between the growth and fully developed fire stage.

Answer 27

Flashover

Question 28

Factors that impact the development of a fire in a compartment:

Answer 28

Size and number of ventilation openings Volume of the compartment Hight of the compartment Size and location of the first fuel group ignited and total fuel load in the compartment

Question 29

Factors that effect the development of a fire outside a compartment:

Answer 29

Wind direction Relative humidity Terrain and slope Size, composition, and location of the fuel package that is first ignited Availability and locations of additional fuel package (target fuels)

Question 30

____ ____ of gases is the tendency of gases to form layers according to temperate. (heat stratification or thermal balance)

Answer 30

Thermal Layering

Question 31

Smoke is a heated mixture of:

Answer 31

Air, gases, and particles

Question 32

Indications of a potential back draft:

Answer 32

``` Pressurized smoke exiting small openings Black smoke becoming dense gray yellow Confinement and excessive heat Little or no visible flame Puffs of smoke exiting or at intervals (breathing) Smoke-stained window glass ```

Question 33

Class Alpha fire:

Answer 33

Ordinary combustibles materials such as wood, cloth, paper, rubber, and many plastics

Question 34

Class Bravo fire:

Answer 34

Flammable and combustible liquids and gases such as gasoline, oil, lacquers, paints, mineral sprits, alcohols, and natural gas

Question 35

Hydrocarbons:

Answer 35

Petroleum based compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon (specific gravity less than one)

Question 36

Polar Solvents:

Answer 36

Flammable liquids that have an attraction for water and are miscible; alcohol, acetone, ketone, ether

Question 37

Class Charlie Fire:

Answer 37

Energized electrical equipment

Question 38

Class Delta Fire:

Answer 38

Combustible metals such as aluminum, magnesium, titanium, sodium, and potassium

Question 39

Four methods of extinguishing fire:

Answer 39

1. Reducing its temperature 2. Fuel removal 3. Oxygen Exclusion 4. Chemical Flame Inhibition

Question 40

Sodium nitrate and potassium chlorate:

Answer 40

produce their own oxygen and allow fuels to burn in a oxygen free atmosphere

Question 41

Advantages of water as an extinguishing agent:

Answer 41

- Readily available and inexpensive - Great heat-absorbing capacity than other common agents - A relatively large amount of heat is required to change to steam - The greater the surface area of the water exposed, the more rapidly heat is absorbed

Question 42

Attempting to use Class A foam solution on a Class B fire can result in:

Answer 42

fire spread, re-ignition, or even injuries to emergency personnel.

Question 43

Finished foam extinguishes and/or prevents fire by:

Answer 43

Separating Cooling Suppressing (smothering)

Question 44

Uniformed-sized bubbles provide long lasting foam blankets that are highly desirable in _____ or ______ spill event.

Answer 44

postfire | unignited

Question 45

What four elements must be present to produce a foam blanket:

Answer 45

Foam concentrate Water Air Mechanical aeration

Question 46

Foam concentrate:

Answer 46

Liquid found in a foam storage container before the introduction of water

Question 47

Foam solution:

Answer 47

Mixture in the proper ration of foam concentrate and water before the introduction of air

Question 48

Foam proportioner:

Answer 48

Device that mixes foam concentrate in the proper ration with water

Question 49

Finished foam:

Answer 49

Completed product after air is introduced into the foam solution and after it leaves the nozzle or aerator

Question 50

Expansion is a key characteristic to consider when choosing a foam concentrate for a specific application. Factors that effect the expansion of foam:

Answer 50

- Type of foam concentrate used - Accurate proportioning of foam concentrate and water - Quality of foam concentrate - Method of aspiration (fog nozzle or aerating nozzle)

Question 51

Foam concentrates can be described as one of three types: (NFPA 11)

Answer 51

Low-expansion Medium-expansion High-expansion

Question 52

NFPA 1150:

Answer 52

Standard on Firefighting Foam Chemicals for Class A Rural, Suburban, and Vegetated Areas

Question 53

The ___ O2 that is required to degrade a particular foam, the _____ or more ___________ friendly the foam when it enters a body of water. Class ___ foams can have a _____ effect on fish.

Answer 53

``` less better environmentally A lethal ```

Question 54

Elements that effect the drain process of foam:

Answer 54

``` Fuel Temperature Heat of the fire Size of the flame front Ambient air temperature Wind ```

Question 55

Class A foam concentrate is a formulation of:

Answer 55

hydrocarbon surfactant

Question 56

Class A foam concentrate proportioning: Fire attack and overhaul with standard fog nozzles: Exposure protection with standard fog nozzles: Air-aspirating foam nozzle: CAFS:

Answer 56

.2 to .5% .5 to 1% .3 to 1% .2 to .5%

Question 57

Four basic methods by which foam may be proportioned:

Answer 57

Induction Batch Mixing Injection Premixing

Question 58

This system is commonly employed in apparatus-mounted or fixed suppression systems:

Answer 58

Injection

Question 59

The simplest method of mixing foam concentrate and water; This method is commonly practiced with Class A foam concentrate and can be done with all concentrates except?

Answer 59

``` Batch Mixing (pump-and-dump) AR-AFFF ```

Question 60

This method mixes pre-measured portions of water and foam concentrate in a container:

Answer 60

Premixing (fire extinguisher)

Question 61

This method of proportioning foam uses the pressure energy in the stream of water to draft foam concentrate into a fire stream:

Answer 61

Eduction

Question 62

Foam concentrate storage containers

Answer 62

``` 5 gallon pail 55 gallon drum 250-450 gallon IBC 1500-8000 gallons Foam tenders 20-200 gallons Apparatus tanks ```

Question 63

Foam friendly tanks:

Answer 63

Poly, fiberglass, and stainless steel; do not use mild steel, galvanized steel, or aluminum for foam tank contraction.