FO1 Exam Flashcards
According to NFPA Standard 1021, how many levels of Fire Officer are there?
Four (4)
What level of Fire Officer is generally associated with supervising a single fire company or apparatus?
Fire Officer 1
What is the lowest level of Fire Officer that could be a in a chief position?
3
What level of fire officer is generally associated as being the senior non-chief fire officer in a department?
2
At the fire officer I level, the emphasis is on accomplishing the departments goals and objectives by working through __________ to achieve the desired results.
subordinates
Within the NFPA requirements for fire officer 1, are there any requirements for certification as an instructor?
Yes, NFPA Instructor I
What term does the International Association of Fire Chiefs use for Fire Officer 1?
supervising fire officer
Historically, how did the American fire service originate?
Communities of civilian volunteers
According to the NFPA what percentage of the American fire service are volunteers?
72%
What type of fire department uses full time career personnel along with volunteer or paid on call personnel to staff the department?
combination
Although there are four common forms of staffing fire department organizations, most discussions divide firefighters into what two categories?
Paid and volunteer
What type of organizations do private industries or non-government organizations use to provide fire protection to factories, processing plants, and large private facilities?
fire brigades
In 1871 two major American fires occurred which would change the way the country viewed and responded to fire. What was one of those fires?
The Great Chicago Fire
Historically, what did it mean if a house had a fire mark on it?
The house was covered by insurance.
When steam powered fire engines were introduced in the 1800’s, what was the reaction of many volunteer firefighters?
They were threatened by them and resisted their use.
What devices introduced in the 1850’s enabled citizens to send a coded telegraph signal to the fire department dispatch center?
Public call boxes.
What were building codes originally developed to prevent?
Building collapse
Which industry played a major role in the development of the first model building codes?
Insurance industry
With the invention of technical firefighting equipment, what is the most important resource on scene?
firefighters
Firefighters typically report to a company officer which is invested with a rank, what is one of those ranks?
Captain
Of the following chief officer titles, which is the lowest rank?
Battalion Chief
What level of administrative chief fire officer is responsible for managing the activities of several fire companies within a defined geographic area, usually in more than one fire station?
Battalion Chief
The fire chief has the ultimate operational responsibility in a fire department. Who has the ultimate administrative responsibility?
Fire Chief
What condition could ensue if not for the principle of unity of command?
FF’s could receive multiple possibly conflicting orders from different officers.
Most experts believe that span of control should extend to no more than a certain number of people. What is that number?
5
With____________, the specific assignment of a task to an individual makes that person responsible for completing the task and prevents duplication of job assignments.
Division of labor
What is the term for the set of guidelines that the department establishes for FF’s?
discipline?
Which if the following is NOT a method of looking at the organization of a fire department?
hazards
Which of the four functions of management deals with developing a scheme, program, or method that is worked out beforehand to accomplish an objective?
planning
Which of the four functions of management does the fire officer use to take the available people, equipment, structure, and time, and develop the into an orderly, functional, and structural unit?
organizing
Which of the four functions of management means guiding or directing in a course of action to include motivating, guiding, training, and directing employees?
Leading
Which of the four functions of management is used when a fire officer considers the impact on the budget before making purchases?
controlling
What type of organizational document is developed to provide definite guidelines for present and future actions?
policy
What type of organizational document establishes or prescribes specific operational or administrative methods to be followed routinely for the performance of designated operations or actions?
SOP
What are the primary causes of death to FF’s operating in a burning structure?
Flashover and structural collapse.
Looking beyond the physical attributes of individuals and matching the individuals strengths with the organizations needs in order for the organization, the individual, and the officer to be most successful is a must for the fire officer to maintain___________?
cultural diversity
What type of organizational document is developed by various government or government-authorized organizations to implement a law that has been passed by a government body?
regulation
What type of information is included in the first part of a “beginning of shift report”
staffing
The “beginning of shift report” is normally due to the battalion chief within what amount of time after the start of shift?
15 minutes
What roles did the participants in the administrative fire officer survey favor between themselves, their fire officers, and the running of fire stations?
Chiefs will be available for consultations, but the fire officers will run their stations.
The formal fire department organization considers a fire officer to be the representative of whom?
fire chief
What is one of the recommendations for helping fire officers develop technical competencies within their companies?
Use problem solving scenarios.
When officers are preparing to present a class on a topic, what/whom should they consult first?
their personal training library
What is the primary purpose of having an accurate “beginning of shift report”?
Ensure adequate staffing
What is one of the four basic tasks expected of a good fire officer, as reported by the administrative fire officers study?
notifications
FF’s have four major changes in their relationship to the formal fire department organization during their careers. What is one of those changes?
first promotion to chief offcer
When an officer tells subordinates that he does not agree with unpopular orders, but the orders have to be enforced anyway, what is the result?
The officers authority and supervisory ability is undermined.
What is one of the three recommended activities for fire officers to work effectively with their supervisors?
Keep your supervisor informed.
If fire officers have the authority to solve a given problem that has come up, what should they do about involving their supervisors first?
Nothing, they should go ahead and make a decision.
Fire officers should consult their supervisors if they are going to make a decision that
goes beyond their scope of authority.
It is said that fire officers should “walk the talk”. What does that mean?
They should demonstrate the behaviors they say are important.
What kind of behavior can be described as consistent with the departments core values, mission statement, and value statements?
ethical behavior
According to Annex A of NFPA 1021 , public safety personnel must make choices based on the
maximum benefit to the citizens and community.
Fire officers should act as if someone is always ________when they are out of the station.
documenting their actions
The equal employment opportunity Act of 1972 includes almost all public and private employers with a minimum number of employees. What is the number?
15
How does diversity affect fire departments?
Their goal should be to reflect the diversity of the community in their workforce.
There are several things a department might do as part of compliance with a consent decree. What is one such thing?
Engage in community outreach.
According to the 1993 amended EEOC guidelines, under what circumstances, if any, are employers liable for the acts of those that work for them?
any time they knew, or should have known, about the behavior and did nothing about it.
According to the International Association of Fire Chiefs, a person who worked as a managing fire officer for 3-5 years, is certified at the NFPA Fire Officer 3 level, and has accomplished a formal education equivalent to a bachelors degree, is known as a
administrative fire officer
According to James Page, there are three distinct roles a company officer performs as part of his duties. Which of the following is NOT one of those roles?
friend
What can a fire officer do to improve his effectiveness in handling an unpopular order?
determine the history behind the order
What is one of the higher profile roles a fire officer can perform?
Functioning as incident commander
_________is the complex system of inherent attributes that determine a persons moral and ethical actions and reactions.
Integrity
What agency enforces the federal laws establishing the civil rights of Americans?
EEOC
FF’s who want to initiate a harassment complaint have three methods for doing so. At what level must they first make contact?
It is their choice.
Who must take corrective action if an investigation confirms a harassment complaint has merit?
The fire chief
What is one method of fostering the concept of appropriate workplace behavior?
FF’s develop their own set of rules.
What branch of management includes the setting of compensation and benefits?
Human resources
Management is the science of using _________ to achieve __________.
available resources/desired results
Human resource management is built from two generalized schools of management thought. What is one of those schools?
scientific
One of Taylors four principles was to replace “rule of thumb” work methods with _________.
methods based on scientific studies of the tasks
What type of study was used to greatly improve performance in the FF combat challenge?
time and motion
Taylor’s unflattering characterization of workers viewed them s “cheap, stupid” and _________.
interchangeable
What does a Theory X manager believe?
That people do not like to work.
A Theory Y manager believes that people need to be ________, not _________.
ecnouraged, controlled
What is one specific situation in which fire officers must behave as Theory X managers?
when operating at a fire
What type of management techniques are appropriate in an involuntary work performance meeting with a subordinate?
Theory X
In the context of having their security threatened, FF’s may do what is necessary to survive. In that situation how will they feel, typically, about advancing the objectives of the fire department or their officers?
Not highly motivated.
What is the fifth level of Maslows hierarchy of needs?
self actualization
The Blake and Mouton Managerial Grid style that represents the lowest level of concern for both results and people is called________.
indifferent
What does the accommodating person demonstrate, according to the Blake and Mouton Managerial Grid?
low concern for results, high concern for people
In the Blake and Mouton Managerial Grid, __________ sees a high level of concern for either people or results as too extreme and tries to moderate both in the workplace.
status quo
The sound attitude believes in “whats right” rather than __________.
Who’s right.
Employee relations include all activities designed to __________.
maintain a rapport with employees.
There are many ways to shrink a fire departments labor supply. What is one of the methods preferred by most fire departments?
attrition
What is the pay system called in which fire fighters are typically paid a base amount and then receive additional compensation for a good performance?
Merit-based.
In the context of human resources, what does the “F” in FLSA stand for?
Fair
According to the textbook, what will be the fire officers greater challenge?
managing people
According to Taylor, ____________ calls for optimizing the ways tasks are performed and simplifying the jobs so workers could be trained to to perform a specialized sequence of motions in the one “best” way.
scientific management
How did Taylor determine the optimal way to perform a job?
time and motion studies
The ________ school developed by Mayo shifted the focus to pay more attention to the working conditions that would make them more productive.
humanistic management
According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, the most basic human needs, at the bottom of the ladder, are known as_____________.
Physiological needs
What does the controlling person demonstrate, according to the Blake and Mouton Managerial Grid?
high concern for results, low concern for people
Which of the following behavior models established by Blake and Mouton is the preferred behavior for Fire Officers to have?
sound
What is the term used for the process of attracting, selecting, and maintaining an adequate supply of labor?
staffing
What is the term used for the process of setting performance standards and evaluating performance against those standards?
performance management
What is the pay system called in which firefighters are typically paid a base amount and then receive additional compensation for any skills they FF can demonstrate?
skil-based
What is one of the best tools used to improve time efficiency?
delegation
What is an MOU most similar to?
a labor contract
What is described as “ a negotiated legal agreement between the labor organization and the local jurisdiction”?
a labor contract
_______ is a method whereby representatives of employees (unions) and employers determine the conditions of employment through direct negotiation.
Collective bargaining.
What task force developed a standardized physical ability test that is validated as an assessment of a FF candidates physical ability to perform the critical tasks of a FF?
Fire Service Joint Labor-Management Wellness-Fitness Task Force.
At what point in the grievance process can an employee contact a union representative to discuss an issue?
Anytime
The range, scope, and tasks of a fire officers supervisory activities are defined by three primary components-two of which are: 1) the local labor contract, and 2)the fire departments rules, regulations, and procedures. What is the third component?
the municipalities personnel regulations
Are strikes by state or municipal workers legal?
No, in most places they are illegal.
What is one complaint by unions about open shops?
Nonunion members benefit from the efforts of the union.
In the early days how many hours did the New York FF’s work in a week?
151
Why do many states prohibit FF’s from walking out on strike?
because of the severity of impact to public safety
Many of the early FF labor actions in the United States were over the establishment of a new system. What system?
the two platoon system
What important vote did the IAFF pass in 1968?
to eliminate their 50 year old no strike clause in their constitution.
Who is the union member appointed or elected to be the first line of labor representation at the workplace?
Shop Steward
A(n) _________ occurs when the parties involved in a stroke reach a deadlock during negotiations.
impasse
What has been used in place of strikes to influence public opinion in favor of the wants of FF’s during labor disputes?
Picketing
What program was developed in 1999 to assist todays fire chiefs and union presidents in fostering cooperative and collaborative labor-management relationships?
The IAFC/IAFF Labor Management Initiative.
Who is generally the first point of contact between the workers and the fire department organization?
fire officer
Step _______ initiates the formal part of the grievance procedure.
Two
How many days is a supervisor given to reply to a written grievance?
10 Days
According to NFPA 1521, what is the minimum level of fire officer required to be a safety officer?
Fire Officer 1
FF’s should be medically examined periodically as long as they are engaged in performing emergency duties, with an emphasis on identifying risk factors that could lead to ________.
Heart attack
What does the “I” stand for in CISM?
incident
What is one rule that could prevent 10-15 FF deaths per year if complied with everytime?
FF must be seated and wear seat belts in transit.
What does the “I” stand for in IDLH?
immediately
What is one rule that pertains to IDLH conditions?
two-in, two-out
How many fully equipped personnel must there be at a minimum in an RIC?
two
How are the air time ratings for an SCBA determined?
They are based on the air consumption of an individual at rest.
What can a fire officer develop to address and minimize the chances of harm by identifying and controlling the factors that lead to FF injury or death?
Incident Action Plan
Which level of the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) is the most difficult to analyze?
HFACS 4
What NFPA standard covers health related fitness programs for FD members?
NFPA 1583
NFPA requires _______ to track identity, assignment, and location of all FF’s operating at an incident scene?
A personnel accountability system.
What is the minimum number of FF’s required for an interior operation?
Two
What is one of the most important reason for establishing and maintaining an effective command structure at every incident?
situational awareness
What situation justifies exposing FF’s to a high level of risk?
Realistic chance of saving a life.
Who can the incident commander give the authority to immediately suspend or alter activities on an incident scene?
Safety Officer
_________is the process of providing rest, rehydration, nourishment, and medical evaluation to members who are involved in strenuous or extended duration incident scene operations.
Rehabilitation
Who determined when it is safe to reduce the level of PPE at an incident scene?
incident commander and safety officer
What NFPA standard covers the infection control program?
NFPA 1581
Who determines fitness for duty status after reviewing documentation of a members exposure?
FD Physician
Which of the following is NOT a phase of an accident investigation?
employee administrative action
In addition to meeting regulatory requirements, how can records of accidents be used?
Identifying trends
What is one method of identifying unsafe conditions that occurred during an incident?
post-incident analysis
What federal directive mandates incident management training?
HSPD-5
Training is defined as the process of achieving proficiency through instruction and _______.
hands on practice.
Most state fire service professional certification systems are based on _________.
NFPA standards
Who determines whether or not to award accreditation to a given agency?
a group of impartial experts
______ is the process of imparting knowledge or skill through systematic instruction.
Education
What does NBFSPQ do
accredits fire service certification systems
A formal training program includes both skills practice and what else?
classroom time
The practice of having multiple companies that might respond together do pre-incident planning together in their response area is viewed as____________.
An excellent method of improving coordination between companies.
What is the first step of the four step method of instruction?
preparation
Who determines a need for focused training?
An officer or the department.
The objective of presentation is to introduce the students to the subject matter, explain the importance of the topic, and ____________.
create interest in the presentation
Is there any relationship between the number of senses engaged in a lesson and the students retention of the material?
Yes, the more there better.
When students attempt to perform new tasks under instructor supervision, when is success attained?
When they can perform the task safely without instructor input.
Is end-of-class testing written or practical?
It can be either.
Fire officers should avoid spending longer than _______ on any one lecture or presentation, as adult learners tend to let their attention drift after that.
15-20 minutes
When providing training, fire officers act in another role besides instructor. What other role?
Coach
Psychomotor skills falls into one of four categories. What is one of them?
Initial
To require a FF to perform with a rusty skill set in an emergency situation is considered to be ________.
Dangerous
What agency mandates early blood borne pathogens training in the fire service?
OSHA
OSHA requires that anyone who uses an SCBA in work assignments must be trained in it’s use and ________.
fit tested in it.
How can fire officers know all they should in order to safely conduct live fire training?
There is an NFPA standard which address that specifically.
________ is a method of directing, instructing, and training a person or group of people with the aim to achieve some goal or develop specific skills.
Coaching
What city began the first organized instruction of fire officers in 1869?
New York City
What trend was started when the NFPA helped standardize FF training by publishing the inaugural edition of NFPA 1001 “Standard for FF Professional Qualifications” in 1974?
consensus standards
What agency provides accreditation to certificate issuing entities and also accredits fire related degree programs at the college and university levels?
International Fire Service Accreditation Congress
A near miss, fire ground problem, or performance deficiency are all indicators of a need for _________.
Additional training
According to the Conscious Competence Learning Matrix developed by Dr. Thomas Gordon in the 1970’s what is the highest level of competence a FF may display?
Level 4
What is the third step of the four step method of instruction?
Application
________ is a developmental relationship in which a more experienced person helps a less experienced person by providing a deliberate, learning environment through instructing, coaching, providing experiences, modeling, and advising.
Mentorship
On a live fire training evolution, each handline is required to flow a minimum of how many GPM?
95gpm
What is the first step when developing a specific training program that is not already an existing program or lesson plan?
Assess the need.
The specific behavior to perform, the conditions in which it must be performed, and the performance measure are all part of what?
an objective statement.
Which of the following is minimum level of training to become a supervisory fire officer?
FO1
Which of the following is the minimum level of training to become a managing fire officer?
FO2
What program is designed to deal with issues such as substance abuse, emotional or mental health issues, marital and family difficulties, or other difficulties that affect job performance?
Employee assistance program
A fire officer notices a FF has been absent from work numerous times, is irritable, and moody. What may be affecting the FF’s performance?
stress
Who can enter a FF into the EAP?
employee
When, relative to the annual evaluation, should FF’s who are not meeting expectations know there is a problem?
10 weeks before the evaluation is due.
In the fire service, discipline divides into what two sides?
Positive and negative.
Normally, how long is an informal written reprimand active?
1 year
What two challenges does the fire officer of the 21st century face?
fire station as a work location and leading volunteers
Should leadership style change from the time of size-up to the time of execution of the chosen plan?
Yes, democratic is appropriate for size-up, while autocratic is appropriate once the operation is underway.
What is one of the two situations in which the autocratic leadership style is indicated?
when the fire company is involved in a high risk emergency scene activity.
What is one situation in which strong autocratic leadership is essential?
executing orders to evacuate a building
What is the first obligation in a may day situation?
Maintain radio discipline so command can determine the may-day location and situation.
After which type of incident, if any, should fire officers review events with their crews?
after all incidents
What must the first-arriving company level fire officer provide the dispatch center upon arrival at an incident scene?
Verbal picture of the scene
What can a fire officer use to assist with making standard decisions in a consistent manner?
Use a checklist
What can a fire officer do to maintain order in a fire station?
Establish rules
What is the strongest force that influences the performance and commitment of a volunteer FF?
effective leadership
The census collects and identifies a massive amount of information about what aspect of the nation?
demographics
What has been the trend over recent decades in terms of how multiethnic the United States is?
It is becoming moreso all the time.
Is it ever appropriate for a fire dept to make an effort to speak a non-english language in the United States?
Yes, some major city departments have gone so far as to make such a language the primary language of the station.
The fast and loud aspects of a typical western world emergency response can be taken differently by people from different cultures. What is one way it might be perceived?
Embarrassing.
Who is at the front lines of a campaign to identify the needs of an individual?
Company Officers
What is the suggested response to the happenstance discovery of a swimming pool with an unlocked gate access while responding to some other problem at that residence?
Talking to the homeowner and leaving a brochure on pool safety.
When fire officers are asked incidental things from citizens, such as where the nearest flu shot clinic is, and they do not know the answer, what should they do?
Make every effort to find out and leave the citizen satisfied.
Do the needs of various communities differ in terms of what services and programs that their fire departments provide?
Yes, each one is unique.
Progressive FD’s realize it is their responsibility to save the lives and property of their citizens from all types of incidents through what process?
Prevention
What does the “A” stand for in the ABCD of public education course design?
Audience
What can a FD do to reinforce the basic training that volunteers receive during the initial CERt training program?
Administer periodic refresher training.
What is the first step when establishing a local public education program?
Identify the fire or life safety problem.
What does the “B” stand for in the ABCD of public education course design?
Behavior
What does the “C” stand for in the ABCD of public education course design?
Conditions
What does the “D” stand for in the ABCD of public education course design?
Degree
Which NFPA standard outlines the principle duties of a public information officer?
1035
Which of the following is not a step recommended by the NFPA when dealing with media?
Tell them everything.
A complaint is often a manifestation of what else?
a conflict
A mistake is an error or fault resulting from defective judgement, deficient knowledge, or _________.
Carelessness
The types of problems fire officers encounter can be divided into four broad categories. What is one of those categories?
in-house issues
In general, at what level should a problem be solved within an organization?
At the lowest level possible.
What happens to the number and complexity of decision making situations as fire officers move up through the ranks?
Thet both increase.
Fire officers benefit from using a project plan which lists tasks, responsibilities, and __________.
Due dates.
What is one of the factors that distinguish fire officers from FF’s?
The responsibility to act as an agent of the formal organization.
In situations where a complaint is directly related to actions taken by officer to whom the complaints is being presented, what is the rule of thumb for them?
Do not explain or excuse.
Accusing a FF of performing an act that a citizen considers to be substandard is an example of what type of problem?
Complaint
A state of opposition between two parties is an example of__________.
Conflict
A FF complaining about work assignments in a fire station would be an example of what category of problem that a fire officer may encounter?
In-house
How should a company officer handle a discrepancy dealing with the duties of an engine company at a fire scene?
Refer the problem to an officer higher in the organization.
A citizens complaint about comments made by a FF on an incident scene is an example of what type of problem that a fire officer may experience?
External
What is the best implementation strategy for a program that involves extensive community contact?
Willing participation
A complaint about a co-worker (or co-workers) is an example of ________ conflict.
Internal
The purpose of an investigation is to ___________.
Obtain additional information.
There are four responses to an investigation; recommend suggested action, suggest alternative solution, refer the issue to another agency, or __________.
Take no action.
What is the first step in Michael Taigmans Conflict Resolution Model?
Identify the complainants expectations.
If a fire officer is unable to resolve a citizen complaint dealing with an operational issue, to whom should the complaint be forwarded?
Chief of Operations
What is the preferred technique used to identify a problem with a fire department policy?
Discuss the problem with other fire officers.
Why is it required for all FF’s to read a new policy and sign off that they understand it?
In ensures accountability.
Should a fire officer tell a complainant that certain actions will be taken?
No, unless it is within the scope of his or her authority.
What is a good general definition of a problem?
A difference between the actual state and the desired state.
What does the blue field on an NFPA 704 placard represent?
Health
Is end-of-class testing written or practical?
It can be either.
In the five step process of decision making, what step comes right before “select a solution”
Generate alternate solutions.
Who are usually the best people to solve a problem?
Those directly involved with it.
What is the first step in brainstorming?
Writing out the problem statement.
What is usually the longest time a brainstorming session should last for a group of 4-16 people?
15-25 minutes
In the five step process of decision making, once a solution is selected, what happens next?
The solution must be implemented.
What is the first role of a fire officer when dealing with a citizen complaint?
Respond in a professional manner.
What is the next step in problem solving after implementing a solution?
Evaluating the results.
Changing a plan if necessary should not be viewed as _______.
A failure
Fire officers engaged in active listening show an interest in the raw data and ___________.
The speakers feelings and emotions.
When solving the problems, what must be the fire officers primary focus area?
The best interest of the FD.
When selecting a solution, what is an important factor when deciding on the best solution?
The FD’s core values.
Which facilities are required to submit information to the local emergency planning council in connection with pre-incident planning?
Those that store or handle hazardous materials.
What is the collective term for such building parameters as overall height, length, width, and number of stories?
Physical elements
In the pre-incident plan, identification of roof, floor, and wall construction and their structural integrity, the focus is on ___________.
Factors that could lead to collapse or the spread of fire or toxic gases.
During a site survey, what is one question that should be asked about any hazardous materials discovered there?
What can the maximum inventory be?
What term describes the total quantity of all the combustible products that are within a room or space?
Fuel load
The size and _________ of an object can have a tremendous impact on it’s ability to burn and rate of consumption.
Shape
What is the major risk factor that should be considered with assembly occupancies?
Multiple-fatality fires.
What do the Triangle Shirtwaist Company, The Beverly Hills Supper Club, and the Station Nightclub all have in common?
They were all sites of code-fostering, disastrous fires.
What NFPA term means “ an organization, office, or individual responsible for enforcing the requirements of a code or standard, or for approving equipment, materials, an installation, or a procedure?
Authority having jurisdiction.
Are building codes or fire prevention codes legally enforceable?
Yes, both are.
Properties containing agricultural equipment, electronic data processing equipment, or scientific equipment; fine arts centers; and storage or manufacturing sites are examples of ________ properties.
high value
Nuclear power plants, bulk fuel storage facilities, hospitals, and jails are examples of what type of properties?
High rise (typo? high risk?)
Which of the following water supply systems is preferred to support a hydrant?
Large main on a grid system.
Time, owner resistance, and _________ are factors that hinder the collection of data during a fire inspection.
proprietary information
Which type of code applies to existing buildings?
Fire codes
At the local level, fire and safety codes are enacted by adopting a(n) __________.
ordinance
What type of documents are developed by a standards developing organization, such as the NFPA, and made available for adoption by authorities having jurisdiction?
Model Codes
Automatic sprinkler systems, standpipe systems, and _________ are the three primary components of water based fire protection systems.
Fire pumps.
What type of sprinkler system is used when there is the potential for freezing temperatures to affect the system?
Dry-pipe.
What class of standpipe system is intended for use by FF’s?
Class I
Which type of special extinguishing system is used to protect areas such as gasoline storage tanks?
Foam
The purpose of conducting fire inspections is to identify hazards that exist and to ensure________.
Violations are corrected.
Which construction type is the most durable and lasting structure?
Type I
Which type of construction is known as Limited Combustion (ordinary)
Type III
Churches, arenas, theaters, and restaurants are examples of what type of occupancy?
Assembly
Stores and shops are examples of what type of occupancy?
Maercantile
On an NFPA 704 symbol, which number represents the highest hazard?
4
When conducting a fire inspection, where should the inspection begin?
On the exterior of the building.
How long is an occupant given to correct a life threatening hazard?
Immediately
For non-life threatening hazards causing a failure of the inspection, when should a follow-up inspection be conducted?
Within 30 days.
Which of the following is the most common cause of a fire code violation pertaining to egress points?
Improper storage
Which of the following is a common electrical discrepancy found on fire inspections?
Extension cords
What is the goal of a code compliance inspection on public assembly occupancies ?
To clear access and egress paths.
Which type of occupancy fires have a higher than average number of FF LOD fire deaths?
Mercantile
What can an agency conduct to identify hazards and the probability of the hazard occurring?
Risk Assessment
What is used to establish interim and long term actions to reduce the impact of hazards that cannot be eliminated?
Mitigation Plan
A _________ is described as “a document developed by gathering general and detailed data used by responding personnel to determine the resources and actions necessary to mitigate anticipated emergencies at a specific facility”
Pre-incident plan
Other than simply presenting the information about a particular building, what is another purpose of pre-incident plans?
To identify in advance suitable strategies, tactics, and actions.
Pre-incident plans must be coordinated with the __________.
Facility’s own Emergency Action Plan
To what organization can FD’s often turn for help in evacuation situations requiring basic services such as food and water?
The public school system
If a facility has an evacuation or emergency operations plan, then it should provide the fire department with__________ as soon as command is established.
A Liaison
An incremental process can be used to develop pre-incident plans where access to some data is limited. What does an “incremental process” mean?
Start with a simple plan, add to it over time.
A pre-incident plan should be developed with the goal of being useful in the event of an emergency to fire department and also to whom?
The owner
A(n) _________ shows a building from above, identifying doors, utilities access, and any special considerations or hazards.
Plot plan
Part of a pre-incident plan is a report, in written format, containing various sections. What must be maintained in these reports?
A consisten, standard, format.
Which NFPA standard provides information on pre-incident planning?
NFPA 1620
What type of drawing shows interior views of a building, including rooms, hallways, and cabinet drawn in the correct relationship to each other?
Floor plans
What agency has extensive experience in tracking evacuees?
American Red Cross
A ___________ is defined as an itemized summary of estimated or intended revenues and expenditures.
Budget
What is the first step of the budget process?
Identification of needs and required resources.
Budget preparation is a process that is both technical and _________.
Political
When an annual budget applies to a year that does not correspond to the calendar year, what is this budget defined year called?
A Fiscal Year
What is the term for the level of funding that would be required to maintain all services at the currently authorized levels?
Base Budget
What is one of the top three local tax revenue sources?
Property Taxes
What is one of the larger sources of grant funds for both municipal and volunteer fire departments?
The Assistance to Firefighters Grant Program
To be successful, grant programs must not only have merit in their own right, but must also match __________.
the goal of the grant program.
In a line-item budget, what is the term for the last set of numbers that describes the actual object purchased, such as replacement fire hose?
Subobject Code
In a career FD, about what percent of the budget goes to personnel expenses?
Over 90 percent.
What is one example of a capital item?
SCBA
What is defined as the income of an organization that is to be used for payment of expenses?
Revenue
A _________ is a special fire protection tax that is charged to properties within the service area in addition to any other county or municipal taxes.
Fire Tax District
The Assistance to Firefighters Grant Program applications are evaluated by a committee that ranks them on the basis of ________.
Pre-established criteria
Uniforms, protective clothing, and fire apparatus maintenance are all examples of purchases that would be classified as what type of expense?
Operating
A __________ is the term for a certificate of debt issued by a government or corporation guaranteeing payment off the original investment plus interest by a specified future date.
Bond
What is one of the five options available to FD’s if revenues are reduced?
Defer scheduled expenditures
What concept drives the attractiveness of privatization?
A private company can operate more efficiently than a local government agency.
What is on the best ways to sure approval of a budget proposal?
Show that it is necessary to comply with some legal requirement.
When funds are set aside from a budget account, pursuant to a certain budget request, what term describes these funds?
Encumbered
What is the next step after a budget request is authorized to replace a fire engine?
Issue a request for proposal.
What is the term for proposed increases in spending to provide additional services?
Supplemental budget requests
Can a volunteer FD be organized as an independent non-profit corporation?
Yes, as a 501 (c)
In larger departments, replacement vehicles are purchased from a special set-aside fund. Which budget includes the purchase of additional vehicles?
Supplemental Capital Budget.
What is the fire officers goal when using a purchase order to obtain a service?
Minimize the cost.
What kind of process is communication?
A circular process.
In the communication cycle, must the message part be written?
No, it can be a facial expression or other nonverbal statement.
Must the sender in the communication cycle be a person?
No, it can be a sign, sound, or almost anything meant to send a message.
Sometimes people send out unintended nonverbal messages that may be misunderstood by others. For example, how might a message of self-disapproval be interpreted by others?
As disapproval of them.
As part of active listening, when should the listener interrupt the speaker?
Never, the speaker should be allowed to have a full say.
What is one good method for keeping a conversation on the topic at hand.
Direct questioning.
What makes a grapevine flourish?
Absence of official communications.
What is on example of sociological noise in communication?
Prejudice
What is one suggestion for improving emergency radio communications skills?
Having personnel listen to recordings of their own radio transmissions during emergencies.
Using the order model of communication, assuming an order was issued from command to Engine 5, what was the last part of the communication?
Confirmation from command.
What is the most common form of report that fire officers are called on to make?
Verbal
The method used to convey the message from the sender to the receiver is the________.
medium.
What is the receivers responsibility during the communication process?
Capture and interpret the information.
Which of the following is not an area in which the fire officer needs to keep the chief officer informed?
Shift Roster
_________ is the term for the report that describes what you have, what you are doing, and provides direction for other units that will be arriving.
Initial on scene size-up.
A verbal presentation must include which of the following?
interest statement
What is the most common method of electronic communication?
What is the advantage of having data stored on a network?
Data can be archived.
What does the “P” stand for in SOP?
Procedure
What type of documents are SOP’s?
Formal and permanent.
What is one feature that would be included in a decision document?
Options
What does the “I” stand for in NFIRS?
Incident
When an incident requires an expanded incident report narrative, who must complete it?
All company members
An assessment center candidate should be prepared to make one of two types of simulated verbal presentations. What is one of those?
A presentation to civilians about FD practice
Internal memos, emails, instant messages, and messages transmitted via mobile data terminals are examples of __________.
Informal communication.
Which of the following types of communication is archived as a permanent file?
Formal communication.
What type of incident was the FGC designed for?
Small urban incidents.
The 1994 NIOSH report, entitled, “A request for assistance in preventing injuries and deaths of FF’s” identified four necessary components for protecting FF’s. What was one of those?
An adequate respirator maintenance program.
The 1996 OSHA ruling pertaining to FF uses of SCBA was driven by what finding?
That FF’s operate in an IDLH environment.
What concept evolved from the OSHA two-in, two-out rule mandated by 29 CFR 1910.134?
RIT
When should a fire officer discuss individual poor performance that occurred on an incident scene?
in private.
During a critique, in what order should fire officers present their description of the incident?
in the order they arrived on scene.
FIRESCOPE was one early incident management system. What was another?
FGC
FIRESCOPE was created in the wake of what?
Several massive woodland fires in California.
What incident management system followed ICS, FGC, and IMS largely because of the 9/11 attacks and gaps in response identified during Hurricanes Rita and Katrina?
NIMS
What is the NRF?
An all hazards approach to incident response.
According to the ESF annexes, what is the primary agency for firefighting?
The US Dept of Agriculture/Forest Service.
The IMS command structure should fit the________.
Situation
One of the benefits of the incident management system is to maintain a manageable __________.
span of control
What command level consists of the action objectives deemed necessary to achieve the strategic goals?
Tactical
The incident commander is responsible for the completion of three strategic priorities. What is one of them?
incident stabilization
Who is responsible for assigning the needed resources to perform the tactical assignments at an incident?
The incident commander.
The first arriving company-level fire officer has three options when arriving at an incident and assuming command. What is one of them?
Investigation mode.
How long should fast attack mode last?
When the incident stabilizes.
When a company-level fire officer assumes command in the command mode, why would the crew assigned to that fire officer stay with the fire officer?
To fill the command staff positions.
What is the preferred method of communication between the two officers when command is being transferred from one to the other?
Face to face between the two officers.
What is one of the positions on the command staff?
Information Officer
Which NFPA standard pertains to an emergency serviced incident management system?
NFPA 1561
To be eligible for Stafford Act funding, what must an agency do?
Adopt and implement NIMS.
The NIMS has five components: preparedness, communications, and information management, command and management, ongoing management and maintenance, and __________.
Resource management.
The three functions of command that are accomplished as part of the first arriving fire officers initial radio report are determining strategy, selecting incident tactics, and ___________.
Setting the action plan.
Which member of the command staff is the incident commanders point of contact for representatives from outside agencies?
Liaison Officer
Which of the following is a member of the incident commanders general staff?
Logistics officer
What position can the incident commander staff with a fire officer who is responsible for focusing on strategy and tactics to be used?
Operations section chief.
What component of ICS outlines the strategic objectives and states how emergency operations will be conducted?
IAP
What tactical level unit can an incident commander implement on a geographical basis to maintain span of control?
Division
If an incident commander has established divisions and groups at an incident site and is still having span of control difficulties, what other level of supervision can he or she establish?
Branches
What location designator is given to the exposure to the left of the front side of the building?
Exposure B
Where would later arriving units be placed while awaiting instructions?
Staging
What is the term used for two to five single resources assembled to accomplish a specific task?
Task Force
What is the last step in conducting an incident review?
Write a summary
During a nonemergency situation, what type of leadership should fire officers normally use?
Participative
The initial size up at the scene of an incident must often be conducted under a specific intense pressure. What pressure?
To “do something”
A good size up requires officers to look carefully and assess what can be seen and ___________ about what cannot be seen.
Make reasonable assumptions.
During size-up, ___________ allows fire officers to be able to predict where the fire is burning and where it will spread.
Knowledge of fire behavior.
The more churning there is in the smoke, ________
the hotter the fire.
What is the first step in Laymans five step analysis of emergency situations?
Facts
What is Laymans final step in the five step process of size-up?
Develop the plan of action.
What does phase one of the NFA size-up system deal with?
What you know before the incident occurs.
What does the mnemonic device “Wallace was hot” pertain to?
Size up considerations.
What is the term for a systematic process of gathering and processing information to evaluate the situation and then translating that information into a plan to deal wth the situation?
Size-up
What is the end result of a good size-up?
An incident action plan.
When does the first phase of size up begin?
Long before the incident.
The ability to quickly size up a fire situation requires solid foundation of reference information and _________.
a systematic approach.
What is one of the most significant factors in size-up?
Visualization.
According to NFPA 1710, what is the minimum initial flow required for a fire attack in a 2000 sqft single family dwelling?
300GPM
What is the NFA fire flow formula based on?
Square footage.
What are the two major components of the incident action plan?
Tactics and strategies.
Which of the incident priorities takes precedence over the the others?
Life Safety
What acronym can be used to assist incident commanders in developing a strategy?
RECEO VS
What is the first critical factor to consider when developing a strategy?
Rescue
What can a fire officer use to determine evacuation distances?
ERG
Which of the following hazard zones presents the highest potential to be a target hazard to FF’s?
Hot
How do most FD’s meet the requirement to establish a RIT crew?
By dispatching an additional fire company.
What acronym us used for a systematic method of accounting for all personnel at an emergency incident?
PAR
What effect do cathedral ceiling have on FF operations?
The prohibit opening up the ceiling to check for extension.
What is the primary responsibility of fire officers?
Supervising the company while assigned tasks are being performed.
If it becomes clear to fire officers that the assigned tasks are ineffective, when should they relay that information to command?
As soon as the realize it.
How close should fire officers supervision of their companies be during the actual firefighting operations, as compared to during normal routine duties?
it should be closer
The level of supervision should be balanced with the nature of the assignment that is being performed and ________.
The experience of the company members
In an interior attack situation, should fire officers be able to see all their company members at all times?
yes
What is the key to using an authoritative style of leadership effectively?
Developing the trust and confidence of the subordinates before the incident.
SOP’s enable fire companies to work efficiently and ________.
In a coordinated fashion.
On a class B fire, before beginning foam application, fire officers should determine which kind of foam is needed, and must also __________.
Determine how much foam will be needed.
Many FD’s have policies that require Incident Commanders to request additional resources whenever all the units have been or will be committed. Why?
To provide an on-scene reserve.
What does the third consideration of Laymans situation assessment pertain to?
Personnel
What leadership style is required for supervision during emergency operations?
Authoritarian
During the initial size-up, what are the development of tactics and strategies based on?
Resources available.
What does the incident commander use to assign resources?
Tactical priorities and available resources.
In what type of building do the majority of civilian deaths occur?
Single Family Dwellings
When is the preliminary fire investigation conducted to determine how a fire started?
After the fire is extinguished and before the property is turned back over to the owner.
If no formal investigation is done nor the fire investigator sent to a scene, who is responsible for determining and reporting the fire cause, if anyone?
The Incident Commander
If a fire uses all the available oxygen and dies down to a smolder, what happens if a fresh oxygen supply is introduced?
The fire resumes the fully developed phase.
Are search warrants required to collect evidence at a fire scene?
No, if conducted while on scene and the evidence is in plain view.
What must a fire officer do after he or she requests a fire investigator to respond to a suspected crime scene?
Secure the scene.
Incendiary devices are tangible items that are classified as what type of device?
Demonstrative
Who is responsible for preventing the contamination of evidence?
Fire crews on the scene.
In a vehicle fire what might be suggested by finding that a relatively new car had it’s tires removed and replaced by old, worn-out tires?
The fire may have been deliberately set.
What is CRM?
A behavioral modification training system.
How does CRM view human error?
As an everyday part of life.
What is the dirty dozen in the context of CRM?
A set of human factors that contribute to mistakes.
Which of the following belongs with “complacency, distraction, and fatigue”?
Norms
What is one of Helmreichs three methods for dealing with error?
Avoidance
CRM does not advocate or support any abandonment of ___________.
Legitimate authority.
What is one of the six points of the CRM model that is especially well suited for the fire service?
Task allocation
What is one of the pivotal components of the synergy of CRM?
People
Complete this principal of CRM: “Humans create technology, therefore ______”
It is fallible
CRM -enriched environments generate climates that have an impact on the freedom to question. What impact do they have?
They encourage it.
CRM advocates speak directly, yet in a manner that does not _________.
Challenge the authority of a superior.
Leaders will always be in charge, however, in order to be effective in a CRM environment, they must also _______.
Be open to suggestion and constructive criticism.
True respect is based on three competencies: personal, technical, and ______.
Social
According to Gordon DuPont, lack of communication, stress, and fatigue, are ________.
Reasons humans make mistakes.
According to James Reason, unsafe acts committed by people who are in direct contact with the situation or system are classified as what type of failure?
Active
__________is the successful transfer and understanding of a thought from one person to another.
Communication
A discrepancy between what is going on and what should be occurring is often the first indicator of ________.
An error.
What skills promote synergy between the mechanical element and human players?
Inquiry and advocacy.
What is an effective listening technique that a fire officer should use during an argument?
Refrain from commenting until the other person is finished.
How do fire officers exercise leadership of a team?
Rank and authority
The focal point of CRM in conflict resolution is to focus on _________.
what is right
Followers should perform a self assessment of their ability to function as part of a team. The self assessment should consider four critical areas: physical condition, mental condition, attitude, and ________.
Understanding human behavior.
What is the term for the division of responsibilities among individuals and teams in a manner that allows for their effective accomplishment?
Task allocation
What can fire officers use to evaluate the strengths of an individual?
training exercises
In addition to “naturalistic decision making” what is the other decision making model fire ground commanders use?
recognition primed
What is one of the common human behavior factors that leads to a loss of situational awareness?
Disregarding information
