Fö 5, New approaches

Question 1

Beskriv the history of production management!

Answer 1

1. Work study and standardization
   - -> Taylor
   - -> Gilbreth
   - -> 1900-1920
2. Flow production
   - -> Henry ford
   - -> 1910-1950
   - -> always get production velocity higher
   - -> not really accurate today because we dot have infinit market anymore. More focus on minion cost, resource, material osv.
3. Total quality management
   - -> Demining ishikawa taguchi
   - -> Juran shirngo crosby
   - ->1940-1980
4. Toyota production system
   - -> Taiichi Ohno
   - -> Eiji Toyota
   - -> 1950-2000
5. Lean manufacturing
   - -> James Jones
   - -> Womack Roos
   - -> 1990-20**?

Question 2

Which are the 14 points of TQM? (Total Quality management, by Deming and others)

Answer 2

1.

Question 3

What is the tree areas in TQM?

Answer 3

1. Continous improvement
2. Worker empowement
3. Focus on costumer

Question 4

General about TQM?

Answer 4

TRUST

• Trust in supplier
• Get the customer to trust the company
• ->system running more calmly

Question 5

Describe more about Focus on costumer in TQM?

Answer 5

1. Bring costumer to daily work
   - ->make sure the custumer requirements are known
   - -> who is the customer?
   - -> what does the customer wants?
   - -> what is quality for the costumer?
   - -> everybody (also the operators) should knows exactly what the customer wants!
   - -> only supply a perfect product & I only accept a perfect product
2. Communication
   - -> eliminate only oral decisions, whey should always be written where everybody can see
   - -> use symbols, pictures and make communication simple for everybody
   - -> everybody should know all the organisation processes
   - -> leadership: communicate what you as a leader are doing with your time when you are not in the company
3. Target value
   - ->translate costumer needs into target values in measurable (engineering) variables
   - -> variability on your product is expensive
   - -> except only technological tolerances (not process-related)
   - -> QFD, (quality function development)
   - ->”Any shifting from target values costs a lot of money! - Taguchi”

4.

Question 6

Describe more about Continuous improvement in TQM?

Answer 6

1. Zero defects
   - -> not practically possible
   - -> analyze what is defect for us and what is defect for the customer?
   - -> make right on the first time
   - -> study the process to eliminate the causes of failure
   - -> To avoid defects - Use the Deming cycle (Plan- Do- Check- Act)
   - -> To avoid defects - right training, education, conditions, communication, tools, information
   - -> “Anything that is wrong is costing you money! - Deming”
2. Project focus
   - Define project targets and keep to them
   - Don’t launch too much projects –> lose focus
   -
3. Write down procedures and quality measures
4. Innovate Continuously
   - Give voice to small improvements and daily ideas
   - create environment to create ideas
   - participate, communicate and get involved, share ideas , aims and ambition with others they will share theirs
   -
5. Eliminate non-quality
   - Ask questions: why, what, when, why, how for everything!
   - Make war to habits
   - -> we always do like this
   - -> it’s impossible to do it better
   - non- quality costs are very expensive
   - “We always have time to fix it when it’s break down, but we never seem to have time to do it right the first time - PeterS. Pande”
6. Invest in prevention, not in control

4 types of non-quality costs

1. external defects (arrive to the costumer)
2. internal defects (detected by quality control and does not arrive to the costumer)
3. assistent (everything related to quality control, inspections, machines and people that costs money)
4. prevention
   - -> training
   - -> maintainance
   - -> information

Question 7

Examples of non quality costs in companies?

Answer 7

Problem: The external defects is not in any report. Not easy to see.

BEFORE TQM (staple one)
- Cost of bad quality of external defects is often not in numbers
- Make them believe that the cost is tue is a problem??
-
AFTER QC (quality control)
- costs for external defects increases but less cost in external defects and therefor less total non-quality costs as internal defects are less expensive than external defects

AFTER SPC (Statistical problem control)
- More assessment cost but reduce internal and external costs. But the probability that that it is wrong is still the same. 

AFTER PDCA (plan- do- check- act)

• More cost in prevention. The assessment cost is reduced because of trust, the operators know what to do and the leaders trust them?
• -> kaizen-events
• -> posters
• -> quality manuals
• -> information to operators

AFTER TQOM
- Include people empowerment, if you trust and motivate people. Will increase the cost for prevention but lower all other non quality costs.

A huge invest in prevention is the best way of reducing non-quality costs

Question 8

Describe more about worker empowerment!

Answer 8

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