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PNLE review > FNP > Flashcards

FNP Flashcards

1
Q

Theory of Florence Nightingale

A

Environmental Model - manipulation of the environment

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2
Q

Theory of Martha Rogers

A

Science of Unitary Human Beings - unified whole

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3
Q

Theory of Rosemarie Rizzo Parse

A

Human Becoming Theory - person is a unitary being in continuous interaction with his or her environment

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4
Q

Theory of Fate Glenn Abdellah

A

21 Nursing Problems Theory

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5
Q

Theory of Hildegard Peplau

A

Theory of Interpersonal Relationship - Phases of NPR

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6
Q

Theory of Virginia Henderson

A

14 Fundamental Needs

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7
Q

Theory of Joyce Travelbee?

A

Human-to-human relationship - therapeutic use of self

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8
Q

Theory of Imogen King

A

Theory of Goal Attainment - explore means to achieve health related goals

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9
Q

Theory of Lydia Eloise Hall

A

Core, care, cure theory - use of heart, mind, and hand in performing nursing roles

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10
Q

Theory of Jean Watson

A

Theory of Human Caring - art and science of human-to-human care

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11
Q

Theory of Madeleine Leininger

A

Transcultural Nursing Theory

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12
Q

Theory of Dorothea Orem

A

Self-care deficit theory

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13
Q

Theory of Sister Calista Roy

A

Adaptation Model - adaptive modes to maintain health

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14
Q

Theory of Myra Estrin Levine

A

Conservation Model of Nursing - conserve integrity in various dimensions to assist

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15
Q

Theory of Dorothy Johnson

A

Behavioral Systems

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16
Q

Theory of Ida Jean Orlando-Pelletier

A

Deliberative Nursing Process Theory - dynamic NPR

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17
Q

Theory of Patricia Benner

A

Stages of Clinical Competence

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18
Q

Theory of Betty Neumann

A

Neumann Systems Model

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19
Q

Theory of Leavell and Clark

A

Level of Preventions

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20
Q

Primary level of prevention

A

Prevent dse of the well-person

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21
Q

Secondary level of prevention

A

Early detection and prompt treatment

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22
Q

Tertiary level of prevention

A

Rehabilitation and minimize damage

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23
Q

Levels of prevention: MMR

A

Primary

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24
Q

Levels of prevention: Isolation of pt w/ measles

A

Primary

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25
Q

Levels of prevention: Minimizing exposure

A

Primary

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26
Q

Levels of prevention: Anticipatory guidance for growing children

A

Primary

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27
Q

Levels of prevention: Papsmear

A

Secondary

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28
Q

Levels of prevention: Calling poison control for ingestion of muriatic acid

A

Secondary

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29
Q

Levels of prevention: Adm of anti-tetanus to pt w/ puncture wound

A

Secondary

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30
Q

Levels of prevention: Adm thrombolytic ff an MI

A

Secondary

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31
Q

Levels of prevention: Teaching how to prep oresol

A

Secondary

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32
Q

Levels of prevention: Isolation of pt undergoing chemo

A

Tertiary

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33
Q

Levels of prevention: Teaching foot care to DM pt

A

Tertiary

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34
Q

Levels of prevention: Intake of anti-HTN meds

A

Tertiary

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35
Q

RA 9173

A

Philippine Nursing Act of 2002

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36
Q

Definition of Health (WHO)

A

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

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37
Q

In this model, disease results from the interaction between the agent and the susceptible host in an environment that supports transmission of the agent from a source to that host.

A

Epidemiologic Triad - agent, host, environment

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38
Q

Describes a health grid in which a health axis and anenvironmental axis intersect. The grid demonstrates the interaction of theenvironment with the illness–wellness continuum

A

DUNN’S HIGH-LEVEL WELLNESS GRID

https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcR7FCCO0GX_ANAcQWmZKWDuJk4qd6tZdBU3BpEM0HAeXqX1lGSAgLQK87I&s=10

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39
Q

The individual’s state of health is one of continual change; moves back and forth from health to illness and back to health again.

A

THE HEALTH-ILLNESS CONTINUUM

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40
Q

Illness

A

Subjective feeling; pt’s experience of ill health

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41
Q

Disease

A

Actual alteration in the normal function of the body; objective

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42
Q

Stages of Illness Behavior

A

Symptom experience
Assumption of sick role
Medical Care Contract
Dependent Patient Role
Recovery/Rehab

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43
Q

Stage of Illness Behavior where pt believes that something is wrong

A

Symptom experience

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44
Q

Priority during symptom experience

A

Management of symptoms

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45
Q

Stage of Illness Behavior where pt seek advice, self mgt, or leave from work

A

Assumption of sick role

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46
Q

Stage of Illness Behavior where pt accept or reject treatment

A

Dependent patient role

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47
Q

Stage of Illness Behavior where pt is ready to accept health teachings

A

Recovery/Rehabilitation

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48
Q

Stress

A

nonspecific response of the body to any demand

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49
Q

Stressor

A

Factor or agent producing stress, maybe: physiological, psychological, social, environmental, developmental, spiritual or cultural and represent an unmet needs

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50
Q

General Adaptation Syndrome phases

A

Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion

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51
Q

Alarm

A

Upon perceiving a stressor, the body reacts with a “fight-or-flight” response and the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated as the body’s resources are mobilized to meet the threat or danger.

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52
Q

Resistance

A

The body resists and compensates as the parasympathetic nervous system attempts to return many physiological functions to normal levels while body focuses resources against the stressor and remains on alert.

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53
Q

Exhaustion

A

If the stressor or stressors continue beyond the body’s capacity, the resources become exhausted and the body is susceptible to disease and death.

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54
Q

Difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic NS: Constrict pupils

A

Parasympathetic Nerves

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55
Q

Difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic NS: Stimulate saliva

A

Parasympathetic Nerves

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56
Q

Difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic NS: Slow Heartbeat

A

Parasympathetic Nerves

57
Q

Difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic NS: Constrict AW

A

Parasympathetic Nerves

58
Q

Difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic NS: Stimulate activity of stomach

A

Parasympathetic Nerves

59
Q

Difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic NS: Stimulate gallbladder

A

Parasympathetic Nerves

60
Q

Difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic NS: Stimulate activity of intestines

A

Parasympathetic Nerves

61
Q

Difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic NS: Contract bladder

A

Parasympathetic Nerves

62
Q

Difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic NS: Dilate pupils

A

Sympathetic Nerves

63
Q

Difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic NS: Inhibit salivation

A

Sympathetic nerves

64
Q

Difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic NS: Increase heartbeat

A

Sympathetic nerves

65
Q

Difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic NS: Relax AW

A

Sympathetic

66
Q

Difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic NS: Inhibit activity of stomach

A

sympathetic

67
Q

Difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic NS: Inhibit gallbladder

A

sympathetic

68
Q

Difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic NS: Inhibit activity of intestines

A

sympathetic

69
Q

Difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic NS: Secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine

A

sympathetic

70
Q

Difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic NS: Relax bladder

A

sympathetic

71
Q

Local Adaptation Syndrome

A

Response of a body tissue, organ or part to the stress of trauma, illness or other physiological change

72
Q

Inflammatory Response

A

stimulated by trauma or infection. This response localizes the inflammation, thus revenging its spread and promotes healing.

73
Q

Cardinal signs of inflammation

A

Rubor (redness)
Calor (heat)
Tumor (swelling)
Dolor (pain)
Loss of function

74
Q

Type of exudates: Serous

A

clear, thin and watery plasma. It’s normal during the inflammatory stage of wound healing

75
Q

Types of exudates: Sanguinous

A

fresh bleeding; bloody

76
Q

Serosanguineous

A

thin, watery and pale red to pink in color.

77
Q

Seropurulent

A

thin, watery, cloudy and yellow to tan in color.

78
Q

Purulent

A

thick and opaque exudate that is tan, yellow, green or brown in color; pus

79
Q

Primary Intention

A

Uncomplicated healing of a non-infected, well-approximated wound is defined as primary healing. e.g. Surgical wounds.

80
Q

Secondary Intention

A

occurs when the sides of the wound are not opposed, therefore healing must occur from the bottom of the wound upwards.

81
Q

Thermoregulation: Anterior hypothalamus

A

Controls heat loss

82
Q

Thermoregulation: Posterior hypothalamus

A

Controls heat production

83
Q

Increase of 1 degree C corresponds to …

A

12% increase in chemical reaction

84
Q

Errors in BP assessment: Cuff too wide

A

Falsely low reading

85
Q

Errors in BP assessment: Cuff too narrow

A

Falsely high reading

86
Q

Errors in BP assessment: Cuff too loose

A

Falsely high reading

87
Q

Errors in BP assessment: Arm unsupported

A

Falsely high

88
Q

Errors in BP assessment: Insufficient rest

A

Falsely high

89
Q

Errors in BP assessment: Deflating cuff too slowly

A

Falsely high diastolic reading

90
Q

Errors in BP assessment: Deflating cuff too quickly

A

Falsely low systolic and falsely high diastolic

91
Q

Errors in BP assessment: Arm below heart level

A

falsely high

92
Q

Errors in BP assessment: Arm above heart level

A

falsely low

93
Q

Errors in BP assessment: Repeating assessment too quickly

A

falsely high diastolic reading

94
Q

One method of determining whether a person is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis; people suspected of TB, pedia pts who cant expectorate sputum

A

Mantoux tuberculin skin test

95
Q

Gold standard for detection of TB; 2 specimen, 1 hour apart

A

Sputum test

96
Q

below-normal level of oxygen in your blood, specifically in the arteries

A

Hypoxemia

97
Q

low levels of oxygen in your body tissues.

A

Hypoxia

98
Q

Early signs of Hypoxia

A

restlessness, lightheadedness , tachycardia, tachypnea, increased rate and depth of respiration, increased systolic BP

99
Q

Late sign of hypoxia

A

Bradycardia, dyspnea, clubbing of fingers, cyanosis

100
Q

Nasal Cannula

A

21-45% (1-6 lpm)

101
Q

Simple Face Mask

A

40-60% (5-10 lpm)

102
Q

Partial Rebreathing Mask

A

60-90% (6-10 lpm)

103
Q

Non-rebreathing mask

A

95-100% (10-15lpm)

104
Q

Cannula: 14G

A

Orange

Emergency blood transfusion, fluid replacement, surgeries, and trauma cases.

105
Q

Cannula Size 16G

A

Medium Grey

emergency blood transfusion, intravenous fluid replacement, surgeries where rapid results are needed. The uses are similar to the 14G.

106
Q

Cannula size 17G

A

White

rapid fluid replacement, blood transfusion, surgery, and trauma.

107
Q

Cannula size 18G

A

Deep Green

blood transfusions, fluid replacement, large fluid volume, trauma cases, parenteral nutrition, and stem cell harvesting, major surgeries.

108
Q

Cannula size 20G

A

Pink

transfusion of blood and intravenous fluids. It is the most commonly used cannula in clinical settings

109
Q

Cannula size 22G

A

Deep Blue

most paediatric cases, and for smaller veins for transfusion of fluids, blood. Also used in the elderly and oncology patients.

110
Q

Cannula size 24G

A

Yellow

infusion for neonates, and also children, older patients, routine blood transfusion.

111
Q

Cannula 26G

A

Violet

neonates and paediatrics.

112
Q

Unintended administration of a non-vesicant drug or fluid onto the subcutaneous tissue. May be caused by puncture of the vein during venipuncture, dislodgment of the catheter, or a poorly secured infusion device

A

Infiltration

113
Q

S/s of Infiltration

A

§ Coolness of the skin around site
§ Skin balancing, tautness (feel tight)
§ Edema at insertion site
§ Leakage at insertion site
§Absence of or pinkish blood return
Difference in size of opposite hand or arm

114
Q

Unintended administration of vesicant drug or fluid into the subcutaneous tissue

A

Extravasation

115
Q

S/s of Extravasation

A

§ Coolness of the skin around site
§ Skin balancing, tautness (feel tight)
§ Edema at insertion site
§ Leakage at insertion site
§ Absence of or pinkish blood return
§ Difference in size of opposite hand or arm
§ Burning, stinging pain
§ Redness followed by blistering, tissue necrosis, and ulceration

116
Q

Inflammation of the vein

A

Phlebitis

117
Q

Cause of Mechanical phlebitis

A

too large catheter

118
Q

Cause of chemical phlebitis

A

irritating vesicants solutions or medications

119
Q

Cause of bacterial phlebitis

A

poor aseptic technique during insertion, break in the integrity of the IV equipment

120
Q

s/s of phlebitis

A

§ Redness at the site
§ Skin warm
§ Swelling
§ Palpable cord along vein
§ Inc in temp

121
Q

Nursing intervention: BT rx febrile, nonhemolytic

A

Stop transfusion.
Adm antipyretic as ordered.
Monitor temp every 4hrs

122
Q

Nursing intervention: BT rx Acute hemolytic transfusion rx

A

Stop transfusion.
Remove blood products and tubing.
Maintain IV access.
Notify doctor.

123
Q

Nursing intervention: BT rx Delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction

A

Monitors labs for anemia.
If detected, refer.

124
Q

Nursing intervention: BT rx allergic rx (mild-moderate)

A

Stop tranfusion.
Notify doctor and bloodbank.
Adm antihistamine as ordered
monitor vs q15
transfusion may continue if fever,dyspnea, wheezing not present

125
Q

Nursing intervention: BT rx allergic rx (severe)

A

LIFE THREATENING
Stop transfusion.
Maintain IV access.
Notify doctor and bloodbank.
Adm antihistamine, corticosteroids, epinephrine, and antipyretic as ordered.
VS until stable.
CPR PRN

126
Q

Nursing intervention: BT rx graft vs host dse

A

adm methotrexate and corticosteroids as ordered.

127
Q

Nursing intervention: BT rx circulatory overload

A

slow/stop transfusion as ordered
elevate hob
notify doctor
adm diuretics as ordered

128
Q

Nursing intervention: BT rx infection dse transmission

A

stop transfusion
Remove blood product and tubing
maintainiv access
notify doctor and bloodbank
monitor vs
blood culture
adm ivf, antibiotics, vasopressin, and steroids as ordered

129
Q

Nursing intervention: BT rx iron overload

A

monitor for heart failure, cardiac disorder, serum transferrin

130
Q

Kwashorkor: Deficiency

A

CHON

131
Q

Kwashorkor: Cause

A

Starvation

132
Q

Kwashorkor: Major features

A

Edema

133
Q

Kwashorkor: weight

A

normal/ overweight

134
Q

Kwashorkor: facial appearance

A

moonface

135
Q

Marasmus: deficiency

A

Calories

136
Q

Marasmus: cause

A

improper food practices

137
Q

Marasmus: major features

A

wasting

138
Q

Marasmus: weight

A

underweight

139
Q

Marasmus: facial appearance

A

old man’s face

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