Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FMST 210 > FMST 210 > Flashcards

FMST 210 Flashcards

Midterm 1

1
Q

Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s view

A

Active

“Born good; corrupted by society”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

John Locke’s view

A

Passive

“born bad, society protects us from corruption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Biological Perspective

  • what is it?
  • Maturational theory
  • Ethological theory
A
  • development determined by biological forces
  • development reflect on natural unfolding of pre-arranged biological plan
  • behaviours viewed as adaptive/ for survival value
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Critical Period

A

time during child is ready & able to learn something

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Imprinting

A

forming emotional bond between child & first moving object (usually mother, not always)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Psychodyanmic Perspective

  • what is it?
  • Freud theory
  • Oedipus Complex theory
  • Erikson’s stages
A
  • development determined by how child resolves conflict @ diff. ages
  • id (unconscious, pleasure), ego (rational, balance), super ego (moral, social mandates)
  • normative development trajectory (displace same-sex parent –> identification w/parents to show taboo/ incest)
  • 8 stages: involves crisis that must be resolved
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The Learning Perspective

-Classical Conditioning

A

form associations between stimuli

  • recognize events occur in everyday world –> anticipate
  • learning that happens below & beyond consciousness
  • ex. John Watson - teaching children ‘fear’
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The Learning Perspective

-Operant Conditioning

A
  • consequences of behaviour (neg/pos reinforcements)

- makes association between particular behaviour & consequence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The Cognitive Developmental Perspective

A

-children’s effort to understand world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The Contextual Perspective: Scaffolding

A

development determined by immediate (family) and distance environments (school)
-Vygotsky - adults convey children beliefs, customs & skills of their culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mendelian disease

A

single gene influence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

genotype

A

complete set of genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

phenotype

A

physical, behavioral and psychological feature (interaction between gene & environment)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The view of a child’s mind as a tabula rasa emphasizes the role of _________ in shaping a child’s development

A

experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

___________ are detailed, systematic observations of individual children

A

baby biographies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

in maturational theory, development consists of___________.

A

unfolding specific and prearranged scheme/plan within the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Ethologist shows some behaviors can only be learned during a _________, when organisms are biologically prepared for that learning

A

critical period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Freud’s psychodynamic theory emphasize the role of _______ in shaping their development

A

early experiences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

In Erikson’s psychosocial theory, development is driven by need to resolve conflict between ______________.

A

a person’s biological drives & society’s standards of right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

According to Jean Piaget, children of all ages create_________.

A

theories that help them understand the world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A systems of view of families divides the environment into microsystems, the mesosystem, the exosystem, macrosystem, and _________

A

the chronosystem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Finding that early development is related to later development is evidence for __________ in development

A

continuity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Accord to the ____________ of children, they are masters of their own destinies

A

active view

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Polygenic inhertance

A

involves many genes (effects of genes very small)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The human genotype consists of 22 pairs of ___ and one pair of sex chromosomes

A

autosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Each chormosome actually consists of one molecule of _______

A

DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Inherited disorders are usually caused by _______ alleles.

A

recessive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Genetic counselling usually involves obtaining a detailed family history as well as ___________.

A

genetic testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

When a child has extra, missing, or damaged chromosomes, the usual result is that _______.

A

development is distrupted

30
Q

Down syndrome is caused by _______.

A

an additional 21st chromosome

31
Q

_______ is the branch of genetics concerned with the inheritance of behavioral and psychological traits

A

Behaviour genetics

32
Q

In ____________, the phenotype reflects the combined influence of many pairs of genes.

A

polygentic inheritance

33
Q

When a fertilized egg splits in two, ________results

A

monozygotic twins (identical)

34
Q

Twin studies are based on the assumption that _________.

A

when heredity is involved,, identical twins resemble each other

35
Q

In an adoption study, inherited trait will cause adopted children to resemble their _________.

A

biological parents

36
Q

The main drawback to adoption studies is that ______________

A

agencies place adoptees in enviornment like those of their biological parents

37
Q

__________ refers to the constant interactions across development between genes and multiple levels of the enviornment

A

epigenesis

38
Q

Niche-picking refers to the fact children & adolescents ___________.

A

end up being exposed to environment based on their genes

39
Q

______ make children within a family different from each other

A

Non-shared environmental influences

40
Q

The fertilized egg implants in the wall of the uterus during the period of the _____

A

zygote

41
Q

Differentiation of cells begins in the period of the ____

A

embryo

42
Q

Developing organism becomes much larger and its bodily system begin to work during the period of the _____

A

fetus

43
Q

General risk factors during prenatal development include inadequate nutrition, stress, and ___________

A

maternal age

44
Q

Diseases, drugs and _____ are common categories of teratogens

A

environmental hazards

45
Q

Exposure to teratogens during the period of the fetus usually results in ______

A

minor defects in bodily structure/ improperly functioning of body systems

46
Q

______ is a procedure that generates an image of the fetus, which can determine sex

A

ultrasound

47
Q

One way to check for genetic disorders in fetus is amniocentesis; another is ________

A

chronic villus sampling (CVS)

48
Q

The first stage of labour is usually the longest, but the baby is born in the ____ stage

A

second

49
Q

Prepared childbirth emphasizes education, ___, and the presence of supportive adult

A

relaxation

50
Q

A woman who, following childbirth, experiences prolong irritation, feelings of low-self worth, and disturbed sleep is probably suffering from ____________________.

A

postpartum depression

51
Q

At-risk infants often develop normally if __________.

A

exposed to stable support environment

52
Q

_________ uses five vital signs to provide a quick, rough evaluation of a newborn’s status

A

Apgar score

53
Q

Infants spend theur day alternating between sleeping, crying, alert inactivity and ____________.

A

waking activity

54
Q

The national program to eliminate sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) encourages ____________.

A

infants sleeping on their backs

55
Q

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder

A

consuming large quantities of alcohol/moderate amounts

-physical abnormality (facial development, heart problems, brain development)

56
Q

Physical growth is particularly rapid during infancy and ___________.

A

adolescence

57
Q

Sleep is essential for normal growth b/c this is when most _________ is secreted

A

growth hormone

58
Q

Breastfeeding has many advantages for infants, including protecting from disease (thru the mother’s antibodies), reducing cases of diarrhea and constipation, easing the transition to solid foods, and _________.

A

avoiding contamination (significant problem with bottle-feeding in developing countries)

59
Q

The role of environment in triggering puberty is shown by cross-national comparisons, by historical data, and by impact of ____ on the onset of puberty in girls

A

social environment (stressful environment)

60
Q

Maturing early often has harmful consequences for ____________.

A

girls

61
Q

To break vicious cycle of malnutrition, children need an improved diet and ________.

A

parental education that teach parents how to foster child development

62
Q

Adolescents afflicted with ______ alternate between binge eating and purging themselves

A

bulimia nervosa

63
Q

One reason why obese children overeat is that they pay more attention to _____ cues to eating

A

external

64
Q

Intergrated Management of Childhood illness attempts to combat childhood diseases by improving skills of healthcare professionals, improving healthcare system so that the are more responsive to childhood disease and ___________

A

changing family and community practices to prevent illness

ie. sleep under mosquito netting

65
Q

______ are the leading cause of death for North American adolescents

A

Motor-vehicle accidents

66
Q

The _____ is the part of the neuron that contains the biological machinery that keeps it alive

A

cell body

67
Q

During prenatal development and continuing into childhood & adolescence, axons of nerve cells acquire myelin, a fatty wrap that allows neurons to ___________.

A

transmit information more rapidly

68
Q

With development, brain systems become more specialized, in the smaller brain regions become activated and ____________.

A

more specific stimuli trigger brain activity

69
Q

In ________ growth, a developing brain depends upon environmental stimulation to fine-tune neural circuits

A

Experience-expectant

70
Q

A developing brain is more plastic than a mature brain which means that following injury a developing brain is _____________.

A

more likely to recover

FMST 210 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions