FMFWO Hard Flashcards
War in Afghanistan
Operation Enduring Freedom
2001
“GWOT”
failed Battle of Fallujah
Vigilant Resolve
MOH for semaphoning an emergency lift under Spanish and American shellfire
John Quick
- battle of Cuzco Well in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. an operation to seize a base
MOH for Chinese Boxer Rebellion & First Caco War
Daniel Daly
MOH for Veracrus and First Caco War
Smedley Butler
WWII battles
Wake Island
Guadalcanal
Tarawa
Mariana Islands
Bougainville
Iwa Jima
Okinawa
Second Battle of Khe Sanh
1968
Mariens defended a base at Khe Sanh from attack by two North Vietnamese divisions
- heavy bombardmebt but did force them to withdraw
year of first black Marines
1949
year SecDef lifted restrictions and allowed women to fly combat aircraft
1993
key sources for Marine Corp roles & functions
USC Title 10,
DODD 5100.01 “Functions of the DOD and its Marine Components”,
Marine Corps Manual
Roles/Functions of Marine Corp (short)
- maintain the MC reserve
- provide FMF w/combined arms and air components….
- provide detachments and organizations for service on armed vessels of the Navy…
-provide marine forces for airborne operations - provide close air support for ground forces
- conduct complex expeditionary operations in the urban littorals an other challenging environments
- conduct amphibious operations
role of Marine Corps in amphibious operations
MC has primary responsibility for the development of amphibious doctrine, tactics, techniques, and equipment
characteristics of MAGTF
- task organization for Marine Corp
- balanced air ground combined arms formation under a single commander
- principle organization for all marine Corp missions across the range of military operations
definition of expeditionary
to send forces abroad
PTP
predeployment training plan
mission of MEU
provide a forward deployed flexible sea-based MAGTF capable of conducting amphibiou operations, crisis response, and limited contingency operations
- commanded by a Colonel
- CE
- GCE - BLT
-ACE - composite squadron
- LCE - CLB
team of the MEB
led by General
- GCE = Regimetnal Landing Team
- LCE: CLR
MAG - ACE
composition of a MEF
CE = HQ group
MARDIV = GCE
MAW = ACE
MLG = LCE
MCCDC
Marine Corp Combat Development Center
- focuses on training and education
- their greatest focus is on logistics
CD&I
Combat Development and Integration
- develops future operational concepts and determine how to best organize, train, educate, and equip the Marine Corp of the Future
- falls under the MCCDC (Marine Corp Combat Development Center)
8 things the MCCDC does
Marine Corp Combat Development Center
develop warfighting concepts,
science and technology and experimentation,
capability portfolio managemnt and joint cpability integration,
training and education,
operational analysis & wargaming,
warfighting requirements,
warfighting and training programming and transitions with planning to programming,
develop, publish, and maintain doctrine
MARCORSYSCOM
DeptNavy systems command for MC ground weapons and information technology
- responsible for R7D, acqusition, and lifecycle amnagement of MC funded material and information systems
“primarily focused on equipping the force at the strategic level”
fundamental to the MPF
Maritime Prepositioning Force
- interoperability with joint forces & its rapid introduction fo combat forces into austere environmetns
Maritime Prepositioning Force ships that have EMFs
Expeditionary Medical Facilities 150 (EMF-150) are onboard USNS Dahl and Sisler
equipment and supplies aboard the Maritime Prepositioning Force
30 days
mission and relationship of 1st MLG to the MAGTF
to provide DIRECT support to the MEF GCE and GENERAL support/sustained tactical-level logistics support above the organic capabilities of supported elements of the MEF
mission and relationship of 1st Medical Battalion to MAGTF
to be manned, trained, and equipped to conduct life-sustaining medical support in both friendly and austere environments on land, air, and sea in support of the I MEF and MAGTF globally
4 principles of risk management
accept risk when benefit > costs,
accept no unnecessary risk,
anticipate and manage risk by planning,
make risk decisions at the right level
5 steps of ORM
identify the hazards,
assess the hazards,
make risk decisions,
implement controls,
supervise
3 substeps of the first step of ORM
“Identify the Hazards”
conduct an operational analysis,
conduct a PHA (preliminary hazard analysis)
determine root cause of hazards
3 substeps of the second step of ORM
“Assess the Hazards”
determine severity & probability,
assign a RAC (risk assessment code)
5 options for controlling risk (per ORM)
reject risk,
accept risk,
delay an action,
transfer the risk,
compensate for risk
3 types of ORM controls
engineering, administrative, physical
decibels where you need hearing protection
> 84 dBA (weighted decibels
OR
140 db peak sound pressure
While the dB scale is based only on sound intensity, the dBA scale is based on intensity and on how the human ear responds.
classes of Fire
A - wood/cloth/paper. water or AFFF
B - flammable liquids AFFF, Halon, PKP. MUST secure gas flow
C-eneergized electron. Co, Halon, water. best is to deenergize then handle as a Class A
D- combustable metals. water using fog pattern BUT explosions may occur so shield yourself
K-cooking fire like oils and fats
extinguish a class B fire
flammable liquids
AFFF, Halon, PKP (potassium bicarbonate)
- NEVer extinguish unles the flow of gas can be secured. that’s the most important thing about extinguishing these tyhpes of firs
extingish a class C fire
deenergize then handle as a Class A
BITS
back in the saddle
2 parallel Chains of Command within the DOD
Service & Operational
chain of command
Prez-SecDef-Combatant Commanders
Operational Chain of Command
chain of command
Prez-SecDef-SECNAV/CMC-forces not under Combatant Commanders
Service Chain
role of SecDef
principle defense policy advisor
- exercises authority, direction, and control othe DON
- Deputy Secretary is delegated full power/authority to act for Secretary
role of SecNav
authority under USC Title 10 to conduct all affairs for DON
- recruit, organize, supply, equip, train, mobilize/demob
- oversees construction/outfitting/repair of USN ships, equipment, and facilities
- formulation/implementation of policies and programs that are consistent with national security policies and objectives
Unified Combatant Command
command with a broad enduring mission under a single commander and composed of significant assigned components of two or more Mil Departments.
4 functional Combatant Commands
Cyber, TRANSCOM, Strategic, Special Operations
highest ranking Marine Corp Officer
CMC - Commandant of the MC. Member of Joint Chiefs of Staff.
reports to SecNav in parallel to the CNO
outcome of MARFORPAC & MARFORCOM
gives the geographic Combatant Commanders scalable MAGTFS that possess the unique ability to project mobile, reinforceable, sustainable combat power across a range of military operations
lead echelon of the MEF
MEF [Fwd]: prepares for the arrival of the rest of the MEF
commander who provides aid, protection, complement, or sustains another commander’s force
supportING commander
SupportING commander
aids, protects, complements, & supports another commander
JSCP
Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan
contents of an establishing directive between a supportED & supportING comamnder
purpose of support,
effects desired,
scope of action,
forces/resources allocated,
time/place/level/duration of support,
relative priority of the supporting effort,
authority -if any- to modify in the event of exceptional opportunity or emergency,
degree of authority granted to the supported commander over the supporting effordtq
COCOM
Combatant Command (command authority)
- nontransferable/cannot be delegated- to perform the functions of command over assigned forces
organize/employ
assign tasks
designate objectivrs
give authoritative direction over all aspects of military operations, joint training, and logistics necessary to accomplish the missions assigned to the command
ADCON
direction/exercise of authority over subordinates with respect to administration and support
- organization, control of resources, equipment, personnel management, training, readiness, discipline, other matters not included in the operational missions of hte subordinate or other organizations
OPCON
operational control
- authority to perform the functions of command over subordinate forces
- oragnize/employ forces
- assign tasks
- designate objectives
- give authoritative direction
OPCON is a command authority that may be exercised by CDRs at any echelon at/below the level of COMD
- OPCON is able to be delegated from and lesser authority than COCOM
TACON
Tactical Control
- authority over assigned/attached forces or forces made available for tasking
- limited to the detailed direction and control of movements and maneuvers within he operational area necessary to accomplish assigned missions or task assigned by the commander
authority granted by a CDR to a subordinate to consult/coordinate an action
DIRLAUTH (direct liaison authorized)
4 categories of support a CDR may exercise over assigned attached forces
general
direct
close support
Mutual
general support
support given to a supported forces as a WHOLE rather than a subdivision
direct support
support given to a specific force where they must answer directly for all needs
Joint Task Force
joint force to accomplish missions within specific limited objectives and do not require centralized control of logistics
ad hoc versus formal agreement between nations
alliance
coalition - ad hoc
coalition
arrangement between +2 nations for common action and with specific objectives
DRRS
Defense Readiness Reporting System
5 pillars of institutional readiness
unit readiness
capability and capacity to meet requirements
high quality people,
infrastructure sustainment,
equipment modernization
P-level
percentage of personnel strength and MOS fill cacluations
S-level
equipment and supplies possessed
R-level
material readiness conditoin
PEI
principal end item
MEE
Mission Essential Equipment
DRSS reporting requirements for medical equipment
DRRS only asks for AMAL 631 & 645 (STP equipment and FRSS equipmetn)
METL
mission essential task list
- list of command’s essential task with appropriate conditions and performance standards to assure successful mission accomplishment
- assessment of METs is based on prsent state not future projections
meaning of ACE
not a formal command. categorizes the functionality of specific forces within the MAGTFG
role of ACE Commander
MAGTF principle advisor and SME of aviation
primary mission of the ACE
support the MAGTF during all phases of expeitioanry oerpations as well as during sustained operations ashore
6 functions of Marine Corp aviation
A’s:
air reconnaissance
AAW
assault support
control of aircraft & missiles
EW
OAS
subfunctions of Air Reconnaissance (a function of the ACE)
visual,
electronic,
multisensor
subfunctions of Control of Aircraft & Missiles (a function of the ACE)
air direction
air control
air control: airspace management & airspace control
subfunctions of Electronic Warfare (a function of the ACE)
attack, protection, warfare support
subfunctions of OAS (a function of the ACE)
CAS
DAS
- air interdiction
-armed reconaissance
subfunction of AAW (function of ACE)
OAAW
Air Defense
- active & passive
subfunction of Assault Support (function of ACE)
LITECAR
logistical support
illumination of the battlefield
TRAP
air evacuation
Combat assault transport
air delivery
aerial refueling
definition of OAS
air opts conducted against enemy installations, facilities, and personnel in order to directly assist in the attainment of MAGTF objectives by destroying enemy resources or isolating enemy forces
- principle support of warfighting is via fires and force protection (OAS/DAS)
- OAS allows the CDR to influence the battle by projecting firepower to shape events in time and space
air attack against a target briefed in advance
air interdiction
opportunity targets = armed reconaissance
AAW
actions used to destory or reduce the enemy air and missile threat to acceptable levels
primary purpose of AAW
gain and maintain whatever degree of air superiority that is required
&
force protection
OAAW
operations conducted against enemy air assets and air defense systems before they can be launched or assume an attacking role
air defense
defensive measures designed to destory attacking enemy aircraft/missiles or to nullify/reduce the effectiveness of an enemy attack
Electronic Warfare
any military action involving the use of electromagnetic and directed energy to control the electromagnetic spectrum or to attack the enemy
DASC[A]
direct air support center {airborne]
air direction
authority to regulate the employment of air resources (aircraft & surface to air weapons) to maintain a balance between their availability and assigned priorities for their use
air control
authority to direct the physical maneuver in flight or to direct engagement of an aircraft/weapon system with the enemy
(broken down further into airspace management and airspace control)
airspace management
coordination
integration
regulation of the use of airspace based on defined dimensions
airspace control
authority to direct the maneuver of aircraft so that the best use is made of assigned airspace
- positive control is a method of airspace control that relies on positive identification, trackign, and direction of aircraft wtihin an airspace
MAW
ACE for the MEF
- HQ for the ACE CE
- capable of performing all 6 functions of Marine Aviation
MAG
ACE for the MEB
- smallest aviation unit designed to conduct operations with no outside assistance except access to a support of supplies
primary mission of MAG: provide AAW and OAS support for MAGTF operations from a variety of main bases, FOBS, and aircraft carriers
MALS
Marine Aviation Logistics Squadron
- logistical support, guidance, and direction to MAG squadrons
- intermediate level maintence
- aviation supply support
_ coordination
- deploy/provide support packages
- Class V ordinance and ammunition’s logistics support
task of VMGR
Marine Aerial Refueler Transport Squadron
- provide tactical aerial refueling for Marine aviation units and serve as an aircraft platform fo rthe DASC(A)
EAF
expeditionary airfields
VMR
Marine Tactical Electronic Warfare Squadron
- airborne EF
role of the VMU
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Squadron
- reconnaissance, surveillance, & target acquisition
- real time target information
- BDA (battle damage assessments)
VMFA
Marine Fighter/Attack Squadron
intercept/destroy enemy aircraft and surface targets
multisensory imagery reconnaissance
supporting arms coordination
VMA
Marine Attack Squadron
attack and destroy surface targets
helicopter escort
VMM
Marine Medium Tilt-Rotor Squadron
transport combat troops, supplies, & equipment
Primary: combat assault troop transport
HMH
Marine Heavy Helicopter Squadron
assault helicopter transport of heavy weapons, equipment, supplies, and combat assault transport of troops
HMLA
Marine Light Attack Helicopter Squadron
combat utility helicopter support
attack fire support
fire support coordination
airborne C2 platform for command element
airborne escort
MWSG
Marine Wing Support Group
primary task: provide the capability to establish and maintain airfields, FOB, and groud support elements
MWSS
Marine Wing Support Squadron
aviation ground support: internal airfield communications, weather forecasting, crash/fire/rescue services, refueling, sick call
MACCS
Marine Air C2 system
C2 giving the ACE the ability to monitor, supervise, and influence the application of the ACE’s six functino
air direction
authority to regulate the employment of air resources by balancing an air resource’s availability against its assigned priorities and missions
air control
authority to direct the physical maneuver of an aircraft in flight/surface to air weapons
regulates use of air resources by balancing availability & priorities/missions
air direction
authority to direct the physical maneuver of aircraft/surface to air weapon in flight
air direction
airspace management
coordination, integration, and regulation of airspace usage in a defined dimension that results in the optimal use of available space
difference between airspace management and airspace control
is that coordination, integration, and regulation of airspace usage in a defined dimension that results in the optimal use of available space
senior air C2 agency
TACC: tactical air command center
main air control center
subordinate air control center
main: TACC = Tactical Air Command Center
TAOC: tactical air operations center
DASC: direct air support center
TAOC
Tactical Air Operations Center
furnished by the MACS: Marine Air Control Squadron
provides the MAGTF’s organic surface to air weapons
LAAD
DASC
Direct Air Support Center
furnished by MASS. Marine Air Support Squadron
MASS
Marine Air Support Squadron
MACG composition
Marine Air Control Grup
- MTACS: Marine tactical air command Squadron
- MASS: Marine Air Support Squadron
- MACS: Marine Air Control Squadron
LAAD
MWCS: Marine Wing Communications Squadron
mission of LAAD battalion
close-in
low altitude
surface to air weapons fires in defense of MAGTF assets
task-oriented ground security forces in defense of MAGTF air sites
protects ACE assets
LAAD battalion
mission of VMU
reconnaissance, surveillance, target acquisition
- real time target information, battle damage assessments, adjust indirect fires weapons, TRAP
role of MWSS
Marine Wing Support Squadron
provides all essential on the ground support requirements to ACE
3 levels of maintence
organizational
intermediate
depot
organizational maintence
inspect
service
lube
adjust
replace parts
mnor assembilies
intermediate maintence
modification
replacement
fabrication
repair
calibration
depot maintence
major repair
overhaul
modification
only heavy lift helicopter in DOD
CH-53E or K
E: Super Stallion
K: King Stallion
payload of the heavy helicopter
CH-53K
30 passengers
24 litters
F/A-18
Horney
VMFA
Harrier
AV-8
payload of Osprey
24 passengers
12 litters
aka C-130
Hercules
mission of C-130
air to air refueling
assault support
CAS
MIR: multisensor imagery reconnaissance
C-130 payload
ground troops - 92
paratroop - 64
litter= 74
AH-1
Super Cobra
AH-1Z
Viper
mission of HMLA
support the MAGTF by the following:
OAS
utility support
armed escort
supporting arms
short for UAS
RQ - _
TMS
Type, Model, Series
FoUAS
family of unmanned aircraft systems
RQ - _
UAS
small UAS family
Puma, Raven, Wasp
(large to small)
mission of MARDIV
provide forces for amphibious assaults (or other ops as directed)
CEB
combat engineer battalion
GCE of MEU
Battalion Landing Team
- infantry battalion plus combat enablers
GCE of MEF
MARDIV
mission of infantry regiment
locate
close with
destroy
the enemy
BY
Fires
&
Maneuver
or repel his assault by fire and close combat
major element of close combat power of the MARDIV
infantry regiment
basic tactical unit with which the infantry battalion accomplishes its mission
rifle comapneies
nucleus of the BLT
infantry battalion is the basic tactical unit of ground combat power and the nucleus of the BLT
infantry battalion
locate
close with
destroy
the enemy
BY
Fires
&
Maneuver
or repel his assault by fire and close combat
locate
close with
destroy
the enemy
BY
Fires
&
Maneuver
or repel his assault by fire and close combat
infantry regiment
infantry battalion
differences in the role of artillery regiment, infantry regiment, and infantry battalion
artillery regiment: primary source of fire support for the MARDIV
infantry battalion: basic tactical unit of ground combat power
infantry regiment: major element of close combat power for the MARDIV
mission of artillery regiment
furnish close and continuous fire support by neutralizing, destroying, or suppressing targets that threaten the success of the supported unit
4 standard artillery tactical missions
direct support
reinforcing
general support-reinforcing
general support
COC
combat operations center
primary mission of the HQ Battalion of GCE
exercise C2 and administration of the MARDIV
FSCC
fire support coordination center
mission of tank battalion
close with and destroy the enemy
armor-protected firepower
shock effect
maneuver
and to provide anti-mechanized fire in support of the mardiv
antitank platoon
unarmored anti-mechanized support tot he divsin
scout platoon
provides the tank battalion w/an organic mounted reconnaissance capability
what should employment of the tank battalion take advantage of
organizational speed
mobility
firepower
mission Assault Amphibious Bn
train, maintain, and prepare an assault amphibian battalion capable of conducting amphibious and mechanized operations in order to support the GCE w/maneuver, fires, force protection, C2, & logistics
how is the Assault Amphibious Bn primarily employed
primarily employed to mechanize the surface assault elements of a regimental landing team, assault amphibian battalion elements may be employed in a combat service support role in the FEBA or beach support area
FEBA
forward edge of battle
mission of LAR Bn
reconnaissance, security, economy of forces
limited offensive ops or delay operations
speed, firepower, maneuver
mission of Combat Engineer Battalion
enhance mobility, counter-mobility, survivability, and provide limited general engineering support that is required for the functioning of the MARDIV
mission of RECON Bn
conduct advanced force operations, battlespace shaping,
amphibious/ground/airborne reconnaissance,
observe, identify, and report intelligence infomrations
provides the GCE with water and land based capabilities
AAV
benefit of AAV
9.1 pounds per square inch so it can operate in soft soil that tanks and LAV can’t
capabilities of AAV
open ocean ops through the surf
armored protection
9.1 pounds per square inch so can operate where tanks/LAV can’t
most seaworthy landing craft in military service
AAV
how to think about the LAV platform
NOT: infantry fighting vehicle or as an armored personnel carrier
YES: armored reconnaissance vehicle that lacks sufficient armor protection and troop density to perform missions normally assigned to a mechanized infantry unit
LAR develop situations on a battlefield that present opportunities for rotary/fixed wing attack aircraft plus provide more detailed information and maintain a continuous all-weather presence on the battlefield
use of the tank platform
maneuver element
- armored protection
- shock effect
- rapid maneuver
- precision long range direct fire
designed primarily as an offensive weapon regardless of if the operation is offensive or defensive
fire support tasks
- supporting TIC
- supporting CDR CONOOPS
- integrating fire support w/the scheme of maneuvering
marine corp warfighting philsophy
rapid
flexible
opportunistic maneuver capabilities
FSCM
fire support coordinatin measures
Code of Conduct Article 1
I am an American. I serve in the forces that guard my country and our way of life. I am prepared to give my life in its defense.
Code of Conduct Article 2
I will never surrender of my own free will. If in command, I will never surrender member of my command while they still have the means to resist
Code of Conduct Article 3
If I am captured, I will continue to resist using all means available.
I will make every effort to escape and aid others to escape.
I will accept neither parole nor special favors from the enemy
start of all Code of Conduct Articles
- I am an American. I serve in the forces which guard my country and our way of life…
- I will never surrender of my own free will. If in command…
- If I am captured, I will continue to resist by all means available. I will make every effort to escape…
- If I become a prisoner of war, I will keep faith with my fellow prisoners
- When questioned, should I become a POW, I am required to give…
- I will never forget I am an American responsible for my actions, and dedicated to the principals which made my country free
topics of each article of the Code of Conduct
- American
- Never Surrender
- Resist & Escape
- Faith
- Questioning
- Never Forget
relationship between the Code of Conduct & USMJ
CoC is a guide and simple creed. no punitive powers like UCMJ
UCMJ is military regulation with punitive powers
belligerent
person engaged in hostilities against the US or its multinational powers
MTW
major theatres of war
OMFTS
applies maneuver warfare to expeditionary power projections in naval operations as part of a campaign
7 things OMFTS enables the force to do
shatter the adversary’s cohesion,
pose menacing dilemmas,
apply disruptive firepower,
establish superior tempo,
focus efforts to maximize effects,
exploit opportunity,
strike unexpectedly
OMFTS is based on 6 principles
focus on the operational objective,
use the sea as maneuver space,
generate overwhelming tempo and momentum,
pit friendly strength against adversary weakness,
emphasize intelligence, deception, and flexibility
integrate all organic, joint, and combined assets
STOM
tactical implementation of OMFTS to achieve the JFC operational objectives and is the application maneuver warfare to amphibious operations at the tactical level
how does STOM treat the sea?
protective barrier and unrestricted avenue of approach
difference between ship to shore movements AND STOM
STOM thrusts MARFOR ashore at multiple points to concentrate at the decisive place and time in sufficient strength to enable success
goal: create multiple dilemmas too numerous for the adversary commander to respond thereby disrupting his cohesiveness and diminishing the adversary’s will or capacity to resist
FHA
programs to relieve or reduce the results of natural/man-made disasters such as pain, disease, hunger, or privation
- compliments. FHA operations are conducted outside of US and its territories
coordinates the USA’s response to FHA
USAID
Bureau for Democracy, Conflict, and Humanitarian Assistance
OFDA
OHDACA
Overseas Humanitarian, Disaster, and Civic Aid
- Congressional funded
policy “Humanitarian and Civic Assistance Activities”
DODI 2205.2
Denton Program
permits DOD to provide transportation of privately donated HA cargo to foreign countries using military transportation on a space available basis
Funded Transport Program
permits transportation of cargo and DOD nonlethal excess property worldwide for NGO/IGO.
Cb terrorism
counterdrug
MIO - maritime interception operations
enforcing exclusion zones
Humanitarian assistance
NEO
peace ops
ROE
directives issued by competent military authority which delineate the circumstances and limitations under which the US forces will initiate and/or continue combat engagement with other forces encountered
counterrerrorism
activities/operations taken to neutralize terrorists and their organizations/networks IOT render them incapable of using violence to instill fear and coerce governments/societies to achieve their goals
FID
participation by civilian/military agencies of a government in any of the action programs taken by another gov/other designated organization to free and protect its society from
subversion
lawlessness
insurgency
terrorism, and other threats to security
counterinsurgency
comprehensive civilian and military efforts designed to simultaneously defeat and contain insurgency and address its root causes
stability operations
maintain or reestablish a safe and secure environment, provide essential governmental services, emergency infrastructure reconstruction, and humanitarian relief
HAZMAT
any material that, bc of quantity, concentration, or physical/chemical properties, may prose a hazard to human health or the environment during use, handling, storage, Transportaion, or spill
MDMS
doc that contains potential health effects of exposure to chemicals and safe working procedures when handling it
- essential starting point for development of a complete health and safety program
list of hazardous materials in the workspace
AUL
on ships, SHML (ship hazardous material list)
steps when you discover a hazardous spill
notify
evaluate
contain and damage control
dispersion of gases/vapors
cleanup/decontamination
disposal of contaminated maerials
certification for reentry
radio frequency
number of completed cycles per second.
measured in hertz
frequency of radio waves
high
range of high frequency
ground = up to 50 miles ground and 100-8K miles ky
range of VHF
ground - up to 30 miles
sky - 50-150 miles
range of UHF
ground - up to 50 miles
N/A sky
principle means of communication for MAGTF
single channel radio
SCR
single channel radio
SCR and HF, VHF, and UHF
VHF and UHF bands is limite dto lines of sight
HF can support long range communciations
type of radio frequency that can support long range communciations
HF
- VHF and UHF are shorter
use of UHF
forward air control ground to air. needs line of sight for reliable communciations. greater range when to sky b/c no obstruction.
primary limiting factor of UHF
critical line of sight “what you see is what y ou get”
primary use of UFH radios
air to groudn communciations
what kind of radio is SINCGARS
VHF
SINCGARS
single channel groudn and airborne raido system
primary communication for C2 and fire support on the battlefield
SINCGARS and VHF
COTS
commerical off the shelf
primary limiting factor for VHF radios
range (reliable up to 10 miles. foliage reduces range)
frequency available
primary advantage of HF radios
long-range and over the horozon communication
primary limiting factor of HF radios
frequency allocation
bandwidth availability
weather, sunrise, & sunset can be difficult to
2 modes of propagation in HF radios
ground wave
sky wave
why do you need 2 HF frequencies during a 24hr period
b/c the reflective nature of the ionosphere will change when the sunlight hits it. (sky wave propagation)
- need a low night frequency and a high day frequency
skip zone
no signals will be received from a particular transmitter for a particular frequency
- formed where the nearest point at which a sky wave is received is beyond the furthers point at which a ground wave is received
INFOSEC
protection of information/information systems against unauthorized access or modification of information (storage, processing, or transmit and against denial of services to authorized users(
COMSEC
communications security
- protection resulting form all measures designed to deny unauthorized persons information of value that might be derived from the possession and study of telecommunications or mislead unauthorize persons in their interpretations of such possession and suty
goal of COMSEC
protect friendly communication from enemy exploitation while ensuring unimpeded use of hte assigned electromagnetic spectrum
- responsibility for COMSEC is the command and individual users
steps to use SINCGAR
- LOAD
- Singel Channel (SC)
- MAN (manual)
- FREQ
- CLR (clear)
- enter your desired frequency
- store (STO)
- SQ (squelch on)
radio low power range
200-400 meters
radio high power range
5-10km
radio PA range
PA = power amplifier
10-40km but this setting is only for vehicle mouted radios equipped with a power amplifier
options for service rifle
M164A
M4 carabine with RCO
specs of the combat rifle
lightweight
5.56mm
magazine fed
gas operated
air cooled
shoulder fired
options on the rifle selector lever
safe
semi
burst
bolt-carrier assembly (rifle)
stripping
chambering
lockign
firing
extractin
ejection of cardiages
types of rifle ammunitino
ball (M855)
tracer
dummy
blankM
primary ammunition of the rifle
Ball (M855)
green tip
green tip bullet
Ball (M855)
red tip bullet
tracer
difference between the dummy and blank bullets
dummy - six grooves. open primer well. dry fire
blank- no projectile. violet tip
bullet with six grooves
dummy
bullet with open primer well
dummy
bullet with no projectile
blank
violet tip bullet
blank
study of projectiles and their effects
ballistics
purpose of rifling in the barrel of a gun
twist rate relates to stability. longer heavier rounds require more spin
Condition 1
safety on
magazine inserted
round in chamber
bolt forward
ejection port covered with
weapons condition when the bullet is in the chamber
Condition 1
weapons condition with no bullet or magazine
Condition 4
weapons commands
Load: make condition 3 by inserting magazine
Make Ready: make condition 1 by chambering a round
Fire
Cease Fire
Unload - make condition 4
show clear
3 main groups of a disassembled rifle
upper receiver
bolt carrier
lower receiver
pistol used by MC
M9 service pistol
specs of the Service Pistol
M9
semiautomatic
magazine-fed
recoil-operated
double action
- 15 rounds
rounds in the M9
15
what happens when the last bullet if fired
slide automatically locks to the rear
single action mode
pistol fired when the hammer is cocked. hammer cocked to the rear before the trigger is pulled.
double action mode
hammer moved to the rear as the trigger is being pulled
components of the M9
slide assembly
barrel assembly
receiver
parts of the M9 service pistol
firing pin
firing pin block
striker
extractor
loaded chamber indicator
extractor of the service pistol
pulls the brass from the chamber after the round is fired
8 steps of firing a service pistol
firing
unlocking
extracting
ejecting
cocking
feeding
chambering
locking
bullets for service pistol
M882 9mm ball. dummy can be used during training.
Condition 1 pistol
magazine inserted
round in chamber
slide forward
safety on
Condition 4 pistol
magazine removed
chamber empty
slide forward
safety on
2 ways to check a pistol’s conditoin
checking the round indicator
conduct a chamber check
6 commands used when weapons handling
Load
Make Ready
Fire
Cease Fire
Unload
Show Clear
stoppage
unintentional interruption int eh cycle of operations
- normally discovered when pistol won’t fire
pistol fails to fire/unintentional interruption in the cycle of operations
stoppage
failure of a pistol to act as it should
malfunction
fighting knife
K-Bar
aka hand grenade
M67
danger range of grenades
casualty producing - 15 meters
kill zone - 5meter
grenade launcher
M204.
attached to the M16 just under the barrier and forward of the slip ring
types of Machine Gun
M249
M240G
M2 ,50 caliber
MK-19
primary role of mortar untis
provide a CDR with immediately available responsive and lethal/nonlethal indirect fires. also reinforce direct fires during close combat
purpose of mortar fires is
close support fires
counter fires
interdiction fires
harassment fires
deception fires
harassment fires
disturb enemy troops, curtail movement, lower morale by the threat of losses
deception fires
deceive/confuse enemy
- fire false preparatory fires on enemy position or LZ. deceptive smoke screens to focus enemy in one location while friendly forces attack another
interdiction fires
divert, disrupt, delay, or destroy an enemy’s surface military potential before it can be used effectively against firendly forces
FPF
final protective fires
effects of mortar fires
destruction (permanently out of action)
neutralization (temporarily ineffective/unusable)
suppressive
obscuration
illuminatin
current medium mortar
81mm.
93lbs and broken down into seeral smaller loads for easier carrying.
rounds = 15lbs each
weight of the rounds for the 81mm mortar
15lbs each
Howitzer movement
M777, Osprey, CH-53 Super Stallion, Chinook
aka Chinook
CH-47
rate of fire of Howitzer
sustained = 2 rounds/min
intense - 4 rounds/min up to 2 min
range of Howitzer
30km
MLRS
Multiple Launch Rocket Systems
HIMARS weight
24,000 lbs
maximum rate of fire of HIMARS
6 rockets
TOW weapon system
Targeted Optical Wire-guided weapon system
- an antitank weapon for long-range employment at armored targets
principle purpose of camoflage
prevent direct observation and recognition
protection from hostile firs
cover
cover
protection from hostile fires
concealment
protection from observatino or surveillance from hostile observatino. no hostile fire protection
5 paragraph operation order
SMEAC
admin/logistics
command/
5 paragraph order
- nfo about friendly forces
Situation (SMEAC)
- higher unit mission (task and CDR intent)
- adjacent unit mission (task/intent) left/front/right/rear
- supporting unit task/mission
5 paragraph order
-info about hostiel forces
SALUTE = composition, disposition, strength
capabilities to DRAW-D
enemy most probably COA
DRAW-D
defend
reinforce
attack
withdraw
delay
SALUTE
size activity location unit time equipment
5 paragraph order
- info about execution
CDR intent
CONOPS
subordinate element missions (main element, supporting efforts, reserve(
coordinating instructions
report enemy information
SALUTE
size
activity
location
unit
timeing Equiipment
IBE
improved ballsitic eyewear
ESAPI
enhanced small arms protective inserts
IMTV
improved modular tactical vest
FROG
flame resistant organizaitonal gear
rotor blade diameter of UH-1
50
rotor blade diameter of CH-53
100
concise narrative report of important information
SPOTREP
- SALUTE if enemy infomratoin. messages are in bock letters
sketch that is on transparent paper
overlay
part of the map that identifies topographical symbols
legend
reading maps at night
read maps while under red light
dip or low point in the ground between points of higher ground and
saddle
looks like an hourglass on a map
saddle
ridge
sloping line of higher ground
U or V shaped on map. closed end of the contour points away from higher ground
low point in the groudn
depression
draw
stream course that is less developed than a valley
U/V shaped pointing toward higher ground
- draw could be considered the initial formation of a valley
problem of draws
less developed stream course than a valley. narrow w/o level ground. no maneuver room
spur
short continuous sloping line of higher ground normally jutting out from the side of a ridge
most common military method to express direction
azmuth
azimuth
horizontal angle measured clockwise form a north base line
grid azimuth
when an azimuth is plotted on a map between point A and point B, the points are joined by a straight line. protractor is used to measure eh angle between grid north an the draw line
- the measured azimuth is the grid azimuth
convert between gride and magnetic azimuth
magnetic compass give magnetic azimuth. to plot the line on a grid map, you have to change the magnetic azimuth to grid azimuth. use declination diagram
military use of gride and magnetic azimuth
magnetic: navigating with a compass or dead reckoning
grid: writing orders, controlling movement, looking at graphic control measures
G-M angle
angular size that exists between grid north and magnetic north
- there is an angular difference between grid north and magnetic north
first step for the navigator in the field
orient the map
location of an unknown point by successfully occupying at least 2-3 known positions on the ground. them map sighting to the unknown place
intersection
intersection
location of an unknown point by successfully occupying at least 2-3 known positions on the ground. them map sighting to the unknown place
2 methods of intersection
map and compass,
straightedge
resection
locate your position on a map by determine the grid azimuth to at least 2 well-defined locations that cna be pinpointed on the map
locate your position on a map by determine the grid azimuth to at least 2 well-defined locations that cna be pinpointed on the map
resection
role of the OPT
operational planning team
- helps frame problems, develops and wargames COA, and assists the staff in the preparation and transition of the order
MCPP steps
problem framing,
COA development, war gaming< comparison and decision, orders development, transition
first step of MCPP
problem framing
purpose of the problem framing step of MCPP
gain an understanding of the problem,
enhance understanding of the environment and nature of that problem,
identify what must be accomplished, where, when, and why.
purpose: articulate din teh mission statement (task and purpose)
quote about planning
“no amount of subsequent planning can solve a problem insufficiently understood. so problem framing is the most important step in planning”
purpose of the 2nd step of MCPP
COA development
- provide the CDR with options for accomplishing the mission within their intent
- promotes understanding of the environment, problem, and approach to solve the problem
characteristics of a developed COA
suitable
feasible
acceptable
distinguishable
complete
suitable COA
“does the COA accomplish the purpose and task?”
“does it comply with the CDR guidance?”
feasible COA
“does the COA accomplish the mission within the available time, space, and resources?”
acceptable COA
“is the COA proportional and worth the cost in personnel, equipment, material, time, or position”
“is it consistent with the law of war and is it militarily/politically supportable?”
distinguishable COA
“does the COA differ significantly from other COA?”
complete COA
“does the COA include all tasks to be accomplished?”
“does it address the entire mission (main and supporting efforts, reserve, and associated risk”
purpose of step 3 of MCPP
wargaming
- examine and refines options in light of adversary capabilities and potential actions/reactions. plus characteristics of the OE and actions of non-mil stakeholders
3 steps of a wargame
action
reactuib”ciybteraction
options the CDR has in the MCPP COA comparison and decision step
select a COA w/o modification,
w/modification,
develop new COA by combination,
discard all and resume problem framing/COA development
orders reconciliation
internal process where the staff conducts a detailed review of the entire order
purpose: ensure basic order and annexes/appendices/attachments are complete and in agreement
internal process of reviewing an OPORD for completeness and agreeableness
orders reconciliation
orders crosswalk
external process. compares order to external ones (HHQ, adjacent, subordinate) to achieve unity of effort and ensure superior commander’s intent is met
actions taken in the Orders Development phase of MCPP
orders reconciliation - internal process to check order for correct and completeness
orders crosswalk - external. check with HHQ/subordinate/adjacent
ROC and confirmation briefs
ROC
rehearsal of concept
COG that can be attacked for potential gain
critical vulnerabilities
relative combat power
gives planners an understanding of friendly and adversary force strengths and weaknesses relative to each other
2 categories of CCIR
PIR - priority intelligence requirements
FFIR
commander’s intent
CDR’s personal expression ofthe purpose of the operation
- clear, concise, easily understood.
- end states or conditoins that when satisfied accomplisht ehpurpose
- allows subordinates teoexercise judgement and intiative
-
TFFDD
force requirements and force flow for assessment purposes. used to analyze sourcing and transportaiton feeasibility
fundamental responsibility of command
plannign
coordinate action towards a common purpose
integrated plannign
3 concepts of planning
single battle concept
integrated planning
top down plannign
concept of single-battle concept
operations/events in one place have profound and consequential effects on other areas and events
- thus, the battlespace is an invisible entity
FUNCPLAN
functional plan
- plans that cover specific types of functions/activities (aviation, logistics, communications…)
- planning developed when operations are anticipated that involve the conduct of mil operations in non-hostile or peacetime
Maintenace Bn
general suport
intermediate maintence
Supply Bn
general support supply except bulk fuel and Navy funded stock/progrmms
Engineering Support Bn
enhance M/CM/S and EOD. also handlign/storage/distributin of bulk I and III.
Med Bn tasks
C2
health service support via forward resuscitative care
med reg
prev med
med intelligence
casualty decontaminating treatment
coordinate pt evacuation
LCE of a MEB
CLR
6 functions of combat logistics
supply
maintenance
transportation
general engineering
health service support
services
subfunctions of supply (a function of combat logistics)
determination of requirements,
requisition authority,
storage,
procurement,
distribution,
salvage,
disposal
subfunctions of maintenance (function of combat logsitics)
inspect/classify
service and repair
modification
rebuilding nd overhaul
reclaimatin
recovery and evacuation
subfunctions of general engineering (function of combat logistics)
engineer reconnaissance
bridging
facilities management
EOD
demolition/obstacle removal
bulk fuel (receive, distribute, store)
power generation and distribution
water production and distribution
support vehicles of the LCE
7 Ton/Medium Tactical Vehicle Replacement/MTVR
HMMWV high mobility multi wheeled vehicle
MRAP
casualties in the M997
4 litter
8 ambulatory
first 5 classes of supply
- substance/rations
- minor end items/clothing/tools…
- POL
- construction
- amunitino
Class VI items
personal demand items and nonmilitary sales
Class VII items
major end items like weapons, vehicles…
class of medical supply
Class 8
Class IX and X supply
9- repair parts
10- nomilitary material to support nonmilitary progrms
DACG
Departure Airfield Control Group
- primary contract with Air Mobility Command (AMC) at the APOE.
DACG receive deploying equipment and personnel from the unit at the APOE. makes sure all are prepared for air shipment and delivers cargo to the ready line
AAA
arrival and assembly area
- area identified for arrival, offload, and assembly or forces/equipment/supplies
APOE
location for marshaling, staging, and loading aboard aircraft
APOD
airfield within the AAA selected to offload personnel and materials
CRAF
civil reserve air fleet
SPOE
selected port location for marshalling, staging, and loadign ships
types of staff for the CO
Chief of Staff
Principle Staff
Special staff
personnel staff works directly for the CO (command master chief, secretary, sergeant major, aids)
mission of the CE
C2, direct, plan, and coordinate the air, ground, logistics, intelligence, and communciatinos/iformation systsm
role of chief of staff
principle staff officer for CO
executive management of general/executive and special staff
- directs staff tasks, coordinates staff , and ensures efficient and prompt staff resonse
role of chaplain
matters pertaining to moral, spiritual, a nd religious wlle being of the command
role of Comptroller
budgeting
accounting
disbursing
auditing/reviewing
department of Comptroller
financial management
S4 with the exception of disbursing which is S1
comptrollers only at large commands
S-1 role
personnel strength management,
personnel replacement management,
discipline, law, and order,
POW
casualty managemetn,
HQ management,
perosnnel management
morale personnel
prepares the Annex E (Personnel) to the OPLAN/OPORD
ADj, Career planing
disbursing
postal officer
disbursing
MWR
principle role of S3
training
plans
operatoins
organizatinos
role of S5
long-range future plannign
joint planning
S-7
variety of options
- training, safety, isnpections, readiness, exercises
which S shop is the comptroller
financial management
S-8
S-shop for civil affairs
S-9
S-shops 7-0
7- exercises, training, readiness, inspections, safety…
8- comptroller
9- civil affairs
CMC
Command Master Chief
senior enlisted advisor for formulation/implementation of policies pertinent to morale, welfare, job satisfaction, discipline, utilization, training of all enlisted
responsible for all enlisted at the command center
Command Master Chief
CMC
role of the Sergeant major
discipline, welfare, conduct, morale, leadership of enlisted
enlisted command leadership
CMC - Command Master Chief
Sergeant Major
T/O
each UIC has an assigned T/O&E which details their Total Force Structure requirements consistent with what METS they must be able to perform
BISOG
Blue in Support of Green (dollars)
mission of a MEF CE is t
to deploy and be employed by a CCDR as a standalone CE or with augmentation, as a core element of a JTF HQ
battalions that fall under the CE
MEF HQ Group
Radio Bn
Communcation’s Bn
Intelligence Bn
CI/HUMMINT Company
MC Imagery Support
ANGLICO
CAG - civil affairs
CAG
civil affairs group
provides the MAGTF commander w/specialty trained and organize civil affairs personnel IOT facilitate ethe planning, coordination dn execution of civil=-military operations
ANGLICO
liaison capability to plan, coordinate, employ, and conduct fires in support of joint, allied, and coalition forces
types of amphibious operations
demonstration
raid
assault
withdrawal
support to other operations
embarkation phase of amphibious operations
LF with equipment and supplies embark in their assigned shipping
movement phase of amphibous operations
elements of hte force move from point of embarkation to the operational area
amphibious assault
establishment of a landing force on a hostile shore
amphibious demonstration
show of force w/o actual contact
feint
deception to the location/time of the actual offensive action
- offensive action involving enemy condatct
L-hour
hour on D-Day when the deployment operation is to commence
OR
first helicopter of the ship to shore movement touches down
first helicopter touch down of the ship to shore movement
L-hour
difference between H-hour and L-hour
L- hour: helicopter lands
H-hour: landing craft hts the beach
mission of LCAC & LCU
land heavy vehicles, equipment, personnel, and cargo in an amphibious assault
hospital capabilities of LSD Harper’s Ferry
1 OR
1 ICU
5 ward
hospital capabilities of LSD Whidby ISland
1OR
7 ward
hospital capabilities of LPD
2 OR
6 ICU
22 ward
hospital capabilities of LHD
6 OR
600 beds
role of LPD
embark, transport, and land elements of a landing force in amphibious assaults
antiterrorism
defensive measures to reduce the vulnerability of individuals and property to terrorist acts
- scalable and proportionable
force protection
preventative measures to mitigate hostile actions against DOD personnel, resources, facilities, critical information
= FPCON is defensive yet proactive
FPCON Alpha
nonspecific threat of terrorism or hostile acts directed at DOD
FPCON Charlie
terrorism/hostile act has occurred within the area of interest or intellligence indicates a targeted attack is likely
FPCON Delta
terrorist act/hostility has occurred or intelligence states it is expected
ok to use deadly force
inherent right to self defense & defense of others, & serious offenses to other persons
assets vital to national security or national critical infrastructure,
inherently dangerous property,
arrest, apprehension, escape,
