FM L2

Question 1

a means for testing objective theories by examining
the relationship among variables.

Answer 1

QUANTITATIVE DESIGN

Question 2

a characteristic or
attribute of an individual or an organization
that can be measured or observed and that
varies among the people or organization
being studied

Answer 2

VARIABLES

Question 3

those that (probably)
cause, influence, or affect outcomes.

They are also
called treatment, manipulated, antecedent, or
predictor variables

Answer 3

Independent variables

Question 4

those that depend on the
independent variables; they are the outcomes or
results of the influence of the independent variables.

Answer 4

Dependent variable

Question 5

stand between
the independent and dependent variables, and they
mediate the effects of the independent variable on
the dependent variable

Answer 5

Intervening or mediating variables

Question 6

new variables constructed
by a researcher by taking one variable and
multiplying it by another to determine the joint
impact of both

Answer 6

Moderating variables

Question 7

special type of independent
variable that researchers measure because they
potentially influence the dependent variable.

Answer 7

Control variable

Question 8

not actually
measured or observed in a study. It exists, but its
influence cannot be directly detected.

Answer 8

Confounding (or spurious) variable

Question 9

abstract
concepts that allow researchers to study
mental processes, emotions, and
behaviors.

Answer 9

Psychological Constructs

Question 10

Characteristics of Psychological Constructs

Answer 10

Abstract and Theoretical
Inferred
Complex and Multidimensional
Individual
Operationalized

Question 11

identified 16 personality traits and
grouped them into 5 in 1963.

Answer 11

Raymond Cattell

Question 12

coined the term “Big Five” in early
1990’s

Answer 12

Lewis Goldberg

Question 13

a psychological model
that describes five broad dimensions of personality.

Answer 13

Big Five Personality Traits / Five-Factor Model

Question 14

prefers routine, practical vs. imaginative, spontaneous

Answer 14

Openness

Question 15

impulsive, disorganized vs. disciplined,
careful

Answer 15

Conscientiousness

Question 16

reserved, thoughtful vs. sociable, fun-loving

Answer 16

Extraversion

Question 17

suspicious, uncooperative vs. trusting, helpful

Answer 17

Agreeableness

Question 18

calm, confident vs. anxious, pessimistic

Answer 18

Neuroticism

Question 19

describes the behaviors and internal
processes that make up that construct, along
with how it relates to other variables.

Answer 19

Conceptual Definition

Question 20

Standardized options for
participants to respond, often using Likert
scales, numerical ratings, or multiple-
choice answers.

Answer 20

Response Scales

Question 21

employed to assess various
psychological constructs like IQ, personality qualities,
cognitive capacities, attitudes, and mental health
condition

Answer 21

Psychological Tests

Question 22

Assess mental functions such as memory,
attention, or intelligence

Answer 22

Cognitive Tests

Question 23

Measure enduring personality
characteristics

Answer 23

Personality Tests

Question 24

measurement scale, in
which numbers serve as “tags”
or “labels” only, to identify or
classify an object. This
measurement normally deals
only with non-numeric
(quantitative) variables or
where numbers have no value.

Answer 24

Nominal Scale

Question 25

quantitative
data which have naturally
occurring orders and the
difference between is unknown.
It can be named, grouped and
also ranked.

Answer 25

Ordinal
level

Question 26

numerical scale where the intervals
between values are “consistent and
meaningful”
. However, the scale does
not have a true zero point, meaning
zero does not represent the absence of
the measured attribute

Answer 26

interval scale

Question 27

quantitative measurement scale where there is a true zero
point, allowing for the measurement of absolute quantities. This
type of scale not only ranks items but also measures the exact
differences between them

Answer 27

Ratio Scale