FM 3-0 Ch 3 Flashcards
What are the tenets of operations?
Agility.
Convergence.
Endurance.
Depth.
What is convergence
Convergence is an outcome created by the concerted employment of
capabilities from multiple domains and echelons against combinations of decisive points in any domain to create effects against a system, formation, decision maker, or in a specific geographic area.
What is agility?
Agility is the ability to move forces and adjust their dispositions and activities more rapidly than the enemy.
What is endurance?
Endurance is the ability to persevere over time throughout the depth of an operational environment.
What is depth?
Depth is the extension of operations in time, space, or purpose to achieve definitive results (ADP 3-0). Operational reach is the distance and duration across which a force can successfully employ military capabilities (JP 3-0).
Transitions mark a change of focus in an operation. Leaders plan transitions as part of the initial plan
or parts of a branch or sequel. They can be unplanned and cause the force to react to unforeseen
circumstances. Transitions can be part of progress towards mission accomplishment, or they can reflect a
temporary setback. Common transitions are—
Between competition, crisis, and armed conflict.
Between operations dominated by offense, defense, and stability.
Between types of offense or defense.
Between phases of an operation.
Between branches and sequels of a campaign or major operation.
Between command posts during emplacement, movement, and displacement of one or more nodes.
Shifts of the main effort, supporting effort, and reserve between units.
Task organization changes.
Passing responsibility for enemy units crossing unit or echelon boundaries.
Passing terrain responsibility between units.
Transferring responsibility for security and governance to legitimate authorities.
Change in mission from combat operations to reconstitution.
Moving forces in and out of theater.
Changes in the environment that cause a reframe of the mission or change in the purpose of the
operation.
What is the operational approach and how is it described?
A broad description of the mission, operational concepts, tasks, and actions required to accomplish the mission (JP 5-0). An operational approach is the result of the commander’s visualization of what needs to be done in broad terms to solve identified problems. It is the main idea that informs detailed planning. When describing an operational approach, commanders—
Consider ways to defeat enemy forces in detail and potential decisive points.
Employ combinations of defeat mechanisms to isolate and defeat enemy forces, functions, and capabilities.
Assess options for assuming risk.
What are the defeat mechanisms? What are the four defeat mechanisms?
A defeat mechanism is a method through which friendly forces accomplish their mission against
enemy opposition (ADP 3-0).
1. Dislocate is to employ forces to obtain a significant positional advantage in one or more domains, rendering the enemy’s dispositions less valuable, perhaps even irrelevant.
2. Isolate means separating a force from its sources of support to reduce its effectiveness and increase its vulnerability to defeat.
3. Dislocate is to employ forces to obtain significant positional advantage in one or more domains,
rendering the enemy’s dispositions less valuable, perhaps even irrelevant.
4. Disintegrate means to disrupt the enemy’s command and control, degrading the synchronization and cohesion of its operations.
What are the stability mechanisms? What are the four stability mechanisms?
A stability mechanism is the primary method through which friendly forces affect civilians in order to attain conditions that support establishing a lasting, stable peace.
1. Compel means to use, or threaten to use, lethal force to establish control and dominance, affect behavioral change, or enforce compliance with mandates, agreements, or civil authority
2. Control involves imposing civil order.
3. Influence means to alter the opinions, attitudes, and ultimately the behavior of foreign, friendly, neutral, and threat audiences through messages, presence, and actions.
4. Support establishes, reinforces, or sets conditions necessary for the instruments of national power
to function effectively
What is the strategic framework and the four areas?
The strategic framework accounts for factors in the strategic environment and the connection of strategic capabilities to operational- and tactical-level operations. The strategic
framework includes four
areas:
Strategic support area.
Joint security area.
Extended deep area.
Assigned operational area.
What is the operational framework and the three models?
The operational framework is a cognitive tool used to assist commanders and staffs in clearly
visualizing and describing the application of combat power in time, space, purpose, and resources in the
concept of operations.
Assigned areas.
Deep, close, and rear operations.
Main effort, supporting effort, and reserve.
Responsibilities for an AO include—
Terrain management.
Information collection, integration, and synchronization.
Civil affairs operations.
Movement control.
Clearance of fires.
Security.
Personnel recovery.
Airspace management.
Minimum-essential stability operations tasks which are—
Establish civil security.
Provide immediate needs (access to food, water, shelter, and medical treatment).
What is supporting distance and what factors impact supporting distance?
Supporting distance is the distance between two units that can be traveled in time for one to come
to the aid of the other and prevent its defeat by an enemy or ensure it regains control of a civil situation
(ADP 3-0). These factors affect supporting distance:
Terrain and mobility.
Distance.
Enemy capabilities, including those employed from the space, cyberspace, air, and maritime
domains.
Friendly capabilities, including those employed from the space, cyberspace, air, and maritime
domains.
What activities are typically conducted in the deep area?
Deep operations are tactical actions against enemy forces, typically out of direct contact with friendly forces, intended to shape future close operations and protect rear operations.
Several activities are typically conducted as part of deep operations. They include—
Deception.
ISR and target acquisition.
Interdiction (by ground or air fires, ground or aerial maneuver, cyberspace forces, special
operations forces, or any combination of these).
Long-range fires against enemy integrated air defense systems, sustainment nodes, fires
capabilities, and echeloned follow-on maneuver formations.
Electromagnetic warfare.
Offensive cyberspace operations and space operations.
Military information support operations.
What activities are typically conducted in the close area?
Close operations are tactical actions of
subordinate maneuver forces and the forces providing immediate support to them, whose purpose is to employ
maneuver and fires to close with and destroy enemy forces.
Activities are part of close operations if their purpose contributes to defeating committed enemy
forces that are or will be in direct physical contact with friendly forces. The activities that comprise close
operations include—
Maneuver of subordinate formations (including counterattacks).
Close combat (including offensive and defensive operations).
Indirect fire support (including counterfire, close air support, electromagnetic attack, and offensive
space and cyber operations against enemy forces in direct physical contact with friendly forces).
Information collection.
Sustainment support of committed units.
