Flying Flashcards
Bernoulli’s Principle
- Points of faster fluid experience lower pressure than points of slower fluid speed. (Think above wing FAST and LOW, under wing is SLOW and HIGH)
EWCG
Empty Weight Center of Gravity
MEW
Manufacturer’s Empty Weight
OEW
Operating Empty Weight
MEW + Crew + Fluids + Unusable Fuel + Equip
AUW (AGW)
All-Up Weight (Aircraft Gross Weight) aka weight at any given moment during flight
MLW
Max Landing Weight
MZFW
Max Zero Fuel Weight
MTOW
Max Takeoff Weight
MRW
Max Ramp Weight
Flight Envelope
Limits of:
Speed
Altitude
AoA
What are Netwon’s 3 Laws?
- Law of Inertia
- Law of Motion
- Law of Gravitation
Law of Intertia
Object at rest stays a rest and an object in motion stays in motion (@ a constant velocity unles acted upon by an unbalanced force i.e gravity or friction)
What are the 4 types of friction
- Sliding (Kinetic) - Surface on Surface
- Fluid - Resistance when moved
- Rolling - Same as sliding but rather something is rolled
- Static - Keeps an object at rest when acted on by an external force
Law of Motion
When a body is acted upon by a constant force, its resulting acceleration is inversely proportionate to the mass of the body & directly proportional to the applied force (Net Force = Mass x Acceleration)
How is force measured
Newton (N)
How is mass weighed
Kiligrams (Kg)
How is acceleration measured
Acceleration = meters/second/second or m/s^2
Law of Gravitation
A particle attracts every other particle in the universe with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportinal to the square of the distance between them (Fg= G(m1m2/d^2)
Parasite Drag
Any “parasite” on the structure of the plane: low air pressure in the tires, skin friction, or anything that increases turbulence.
Profile Drag
Produced by the shape of the aircraft. Smaller, slimmer aircraft reduces drag
Induced Drag
At the back of the wing, airflow rapidly across the top meets air flowing more slowly underneath, creating a vortex… this type of drag depends on the performance of the aircraft.
Axes of an Aircraft
Longitudinal (Roll) = nose to tail
Lateral (Pitch) = wingtip to wingtip
Vertical (Yaw) = perpendicular to the wings
Truss aircraft structure
Consists of welded steel-tubing longerons separated by diagonal members to endure the loads placed upon the aircraft
Monocoque aircraft structure
Consists of a thin sheet-aluminum alloy curved to fit the shell fo the fuselage
Types of Wings
Low, Mid, High
Cantilever, Semi-Cantilever, Biplane
Dihedral, Anhedral
Wing Planforms
Rectangular (simplest, highly efficient, used in light GA)
Elliptical (most efficient, lowest possible induced drag)
Tapered (cross between rectangular and elliptical, better lift distribution and moderate efficiency)
Swept (tapered to reduce drag… tendency to twist under stress)
Thrust Horsepower equation
thp= (thrust x aircraft speed in mph)/375 pph
Shallow Turn degree
20 degrees
Medium Turn degree
20-45 degrees
Steep Turn degree
45 degrees
Vy
Best RATE of climb - gaining most altitude shortest period of time
Vx
Best ANGLE of climb - gaining most altitude in a short distance
Skidding Turn
Ball is on outside of turn - centrifugal force reaction is greater than gravity
Slipping Turn
Ball is on inside of turn coordinator- more bank than needed and gravity is greater than centrifugal force reaction
