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Private pilot licence > Flying > Flashcards

Flying Flashcards

1
Q

What is the secondary effect of ROLL?

A

Yaw into the roll

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2
Q

What is the secondary effect of YAW?

A

Roll into the yaw

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3
Q

What is the aerobatics checklist?

A

HASSELL

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4
Q

What does HASELL stand for?

A

Height, Airframe, Security, Engine, Location satisfactory, Look out

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5
Q

What is the minimum height for aerobatic manoeuvres?

A

3,000 ft

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6
Q

What are the Rules of the air?

A
  • Give way to airships, gliders, balloons and aircraft towing gliders or banners
  • Give way to the right
  • Turn to the right if there is danger
  • Remain well clear of clouds
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7
Q

How can an engine be cooled in flight?

A
  • increase speed
  • reduce power
  • open cowl flaps
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8
Q

What is Vx?

A

Best angle of climb

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9
Q

What is Vy?

A

Best rate of climb

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10
Q

What does EFATO stand for?

A

Engine failure after take-off

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11
Q

What is the squawk code for lost communication/radio failure?

A

7600

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12
Q

What does FIR stand for?

A

Flight Information Region

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13
Q

What does AD stand for?

A

Aerodrome Data

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14
Q

Where can AD be found?

A

In the AIP

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15
Q

What is the squawk code for hijacked aircraft?

A

7500

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16
Q

What is the squawk code for Emergency?

A

7700

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17
Q

What is the squawk code for VFR standard squawk code when no other code has been assigned (ICAO)

A

7000

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18
Q

What is Va?

A

Manoeuvring speed

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19
Q

What is Vne?

A

Never Exceed speed

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20
Q

What is Vno?

A

Normal Operation speed in still air

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21
Q

What is Vfe?

A

Maximum Speed flaps extended

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22
Q

What is Vs1?

A

Stall Speed no flaps

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23
Q

What is Vs0?

A

Stall Speed flaps extended

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24
Q

What does AH stand for?

A

Artificial Horizon

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25
Q

What does TC stand for?

A

Turn Co-ordination

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26
Q

What is the 2 minute turn

A

360 degree turn in 2 minutes

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27
Q

What is Vr

A

Rotation speed

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28
Q

What is the radio readability scale 1 to 5.

A 
1 unreadable
2 readable now and then
3 readable but with difficulty
4 readable
5 perfectly readable
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29
Q

What does ADF stand for?

A

Automatic Direction Finder

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30
Q

What does NDB stand for?

A

Non-Directional Beacon

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31
Q

What is the squawk for circuits?

A

1200 and SBY

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32
Q

What is the squawk code for uncontrolled airspace aka class G?

A

1200 and ALT

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33
Q

What does ELT stand for?

A

Emergency Locator Transmitter

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34
Q

What is the international distress frequencies?

A

121.5 and 243 MHz

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35
Q

What does CTAF stand for?

A

Common Traffic Advisory Frequency

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36
Q

What does ARFOR stand for?

A

Area Forecast

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37
Q

What does EGT stand for?

A

Exhaust Gas Temperature

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38
Q

What does MP stand for?

A

Manifold Pressure

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39
Q

What is SARTIME?

A

Time after which search begins

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40
Q

What does SIGMET stand for?

A

Significant Weather warning

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41
Q

What does CAVOK mean?

A

Ceiling and visibility OK

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42
Q

What does ISA stand for?

A

International Standard Atmosphere

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43
Q

What does SMC stand for?

A

Surface Movement Control

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44
Q

What does ATIS stand for?

A

Automatic Terminal Information Service

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45
Q

How many litres per USG?

A

3.8 litres per USG

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46
Q

What is the specific gravity of AVGAS?

A

0.71 i.e. 1 litre of AVGAS weighs 0.71 kg

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47
Q

What is denoted by the symbol ALPHA?

A

Angle of attack

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48
Q

What is denoted by the symbol BETA?

A

Angle of sideslip

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49
Q

What is the range of a VHF signal below 5,000 ft?

A

60 nm

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50
Q

What is the range of a VHF signal between 5,000 to 10,000ft?

A

90 nm

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51
Q

What does MAP stand for?

A

Manifold Absolute Pressure

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52
Q

What does PRD stand for?

A

Prohibited, Restricted, Danger areas

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53
Q

What does SKC cloud cover mean?

A

Sky clear 0 oktas

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54
Q

What does FEW cloud cover mean?

A

Few 1-2 oktas

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55
Q

What does SCT cloud cover mean?

A

Scattered 3-4 oktas

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56
Q

What does BKN cloud cover mean?

A

Broken 5-7 oktas

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57
Q

What does OVC cloud cover mean?

A

Overcast 8 oktas

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58
Q

What time interval is TEMPO?

A

30 to 60 minutes

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59
Q

What time interval is INTER?

A

Less than 30 minutes

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60
Q

What does TAF stand for?

A

Terminal Area Forecast?

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61
Q

What does TTF stand for?

A

Trend Type Forecast covering a period of 3 hours

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62
Q

What does MTOW stand for?

A

Maximum Take-Off Weight

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63
Q

What does MLW stand for?

A

Maximum Landing Weight

64
Q

What is the ISA pressure values for pressure and temperature?

A

1013.2 hPa and +15 C

65
Q

What is the temperature lapse rate?

A

2 C / 1,000 ft or 1 hPA ~ 30 ft

66
Q

What is V ref?

A

Reference speed for final approach

67
Q

What is TODR?

A

Take off distance required

68
Q

What is TOSS?

A

Take-off safety speed i.e. Minimum speed at 50 ft after take-off, at least 1.2 x Vstall. For multi-engine aircraft known as V2

69
Q

What is TODA?

A

Take-off distance available

70
Q

What is LDR?

A

Landing Distance Required

71
Q

What does VTC stand for?

A

Visual Terminal Chart

72
Q

What scale is a VTC?

73
Q

What does WAC stand for?

A

World Aeronautical Chart

74
Q

What scale is a WAC?

A

1:1,000,000

75
Q

What does GAAP stand for?

A

General Aviation Airports

76
Q

What does VNC stand for?

A

Visual Navigation Chart

77
Q

What is the scale on a Visual navigation chart?

78
Q

What is the approximate distance of a top thumb-joint on a WAC?

79
Q

What is the approximate distance of a top thumb-joint on a VTC?

80
Q

What is the approximate distance of a full hand span on a WAC?

81
Q

How do you fix a blocked static system?

A

Alternate static on

82
Q

What does ERC stand for?

A

En route Chart

83
Q

What is the AGONIC line?

A

Where magnetic variation = zero, true north and magnetic north are the same

84
Q

What are ISOGONAL lines?

A

Lines joining places of equal magnetic variation

85
Q

What is the nmemonic for correcting magnetic variation?

A

EAST is LEAST, WEST is BEST

86
Q

What distance does 1 degree latitude equivalent to?

87
Q

What distance does 1 minute latitude equivalent to?

88
Q

How is the Magnetic heading and compass headings related?

A

Hm = Hc + deviation

89
Q

How are magnetic and true headings related?

A

Ht = Hm + variation

90
Q

What does higher altitudes mean for performance?

A

Decreased airplane and engine performance

91
Q

What does higher humidity mean for performance?

A

Decreased airplane and engine performance

92
Q

How does higher temperatures affect performance?

A

Decreased airplane performance

93
Q

In which direction does a sea breeze blow?

A

From the sea to the shore / onshore

94
Q

In which direction does a land breeze blow?

A

From land to sea / offshore

95
Q

What are KATABATIC winds?

A

Winds that flow down mountain slopes and out of valleys at night and early mornings

96
Q

What are INVERSIONS?

A

Where temperature increases with altitude

97
Q

What flying conditions are associated with INVERSIONS?

A

Smooth air poor visibility due to fog

98
Q

When do INVERSIONS occur?

A

Cold clear nights

99
Q

What causes INVERSIONS?

A

Land cooling giving off heat so lower levels (below 1,000 ft) becomes very cool

100
Q

What is the minimum time interval between drinking and flying?

101
Q

What is HYPOXIA?

A

Lack of oxygen

102
Q

What is HYPOXIC HYPOXIA?

A

Lack of oxygen in the air

103
Q

What is ANAEMIC HYPOXIA?

A

Inability of the blood to carry oxygen

104
Q

Why should a pilot not fly for 2-3 days after giving blood?

A

Increased likelihood of anaemic hypoxia

105
Q

What is the VALSALVA manoeuvre?

A

Hold your nose and blow gently to unblock ears

106
Q

What is the rest period after a local or dental anaesthetic?

107
Q

What is the rest period after a general anaesthetic?

108
Q

What is a DAME?

A

Designates Aviation Medical Examiner

109
Q

What are the medical requirements for commercial pilots?

A

Class 1 medical certificate annually

110
Q

What are the medical requirements for private pilots?

A

Class 2 medical certificate renewed every 4 years or 2 years if 40 or over

111
Q

How do you avoid wake turbulence on take-off?

A

Wait at least 2 minutes or take-off before the previous aircraft’s rotation point, stay above its flight path and stay upwind. Climb at Vy not Vx

112
Q

How do you avoid wake turbulence on landing if the previous aircraft has just landed?

A

Land well well beyond touchdown point

113
Q

How do you avoid wake turbulence on landing if the previous aircraft has just taken-off?

A

Touchdown well before its rotation point

114
Q

How do you avoid wake turbulence on landing if the previous aircraft has gone around?

A

Delay landing

115
Q

What happens to the load factor on the wings in a turn?

A

It increase

116
Q

What is the LOAD FACTOR?

A

Load factor = lift / weight

117
Q

What is the load factor at a 60 degree bank angle

118
Q

What is the load factor at a 45 degree bank angle

119
Q

What is the load factor at a 30 degree bank angle

120
Q

What happens to the stall speed in a turn?

A

It increases

121
Q

What is the LIFT EQUATION?

A

Cl = 1/2 p v 2 s

122
Q

How does the stall speed vary with weight?

A

Directly proportional

123
Q

What is the Bernoulli effect?

A

Total energy in a fluid is constant

Total pressure = static pressure + dynamic pressure

124
Q

What is the VENTURI effect?

A

At the narrowest point in a tube the static pressure is least whilst the dynamic pressure is greatest

125
Q

What are the components of DRAG?

A

Induced and parasitic drag

126
Q

What is INDUCED drag?

A

Drag arising from generating lift - at the trailing edges and, especially, at the wing tips

127
Q

What are the components of PARASITIC drag?

A

Form, skin and interference drag

128
Q

How is parasitic drag related to speed?

A

Parasitic drag is proportional to speed squared

129
Q

What factors determine induced drag?

A

Induced drag increases at low airspeeds and high angles of attack

130
Q

What is the ANGLE OF ATTACK?

A

The angle between the CHORD line and relative airflow

131
Q

What is the CHORD LINE?

A

The line between the wing’s leading and trailing edges

132
Q

What are the main forces on an aircraft?

A

Weight, lift, drag and thrust

133
Q

What documents must be carried by law?

A

Licence, current medical certificate, maintenance release and POH

134
Q

How do you set QFE?

A

Set the altimeter to read zero on the ground

135
Q

Which instruments are driven by the VACUUM system?

136
Q

How do you check the vacuum system is functioning properly?

A

Check the suction gauge

137
Q

What is the operational pressure range for the vacuum system?

A

Between 4.5 and 5.4 in Hg

138
Q

Which instruments are gyroscopic?

A

AI, HI and TC

139
Q

Which instruments are affected by the PITOT TUBE?

140
Q

What fuel is suitable for light aircraft?

A

AVGAS: 100LL or 100/130 octane

141
Q

What colour is 100LL?

142
Q

What colour is 100/130 octane?

143
Q

What is AVTUR?

A

Jet fuel (aviation turbine fuel)

144
Q

What colour is AVTUR?

A

Straw colour

145
Q

How is AVGAS labelled?

A

White letters on a red background

146
Q

How is AVTUR labelled?

A

White letters on black background

147
Q

What does SAE stand for?

A

Society of Automotive Engineers

148
Q

When should pilots be alert for carburettor icing?

A

When OAT is between -10 and +20 AND relative humidity is > 50%

149
Q

What is the RIGGER’S angle of incidence!

A

Angle between the chord line and the longitudinal axis of the airplane

150
Q

What is the frequency range for HF?

151
Q

What is the frequency range for VHF?

A

30-300 MHz

152
Q

What does ICAO stand for?

A

International Civil Aviation Organisation

153
Q

What are a pilot’s priorities?

A

Aviation, navigate, communicate

154
Q

What are the fuel reserve requirements for VFR (piston engines)?

A

45 minutes flight

155
Q

What are the fuel reserve requirements for VFR (jet engines)?

A

30 minutes flight

Private pilot licence (3 decks)

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