FLW Flashcards
1
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- The key element of FLW’s success is that he gave us Uniquely American style.
- He hated Victorian and beaux arts. He called 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition ‘Frenchite’ pastry. (fluffy and substantial architecture)
- He thought architecture should connet to the land. He wanted architecture to look like grew out of the land so used materials and colors of the earth. Primarily woods and local materials such as stone.
- used colors of the earth such as green, brown, amber.
- Used art glass mimicking local foliage. (Stylized stained glass trees and flowers)
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2
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FLW
Oranic Architecture
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- Frank Lloyd Wright used the word “organic” to describe his philosophy of architecture. It was an extension of the teachings of his mentor, Louis Sullivan, whose slogan “form follows function” became the mantra of modern architecture. Wright changed this phrase to “form and function are one,” claiming Nature as the ultimate model.
- Just as in Nature, Organic Architecture involves a respect for natural materials (wood should look like wood), blending into the surroundings (a house should be of the hill, not on it), and an honest expression of the function of the building (don’t make a bank look like a Greek temple).
- Read more: http://www.organicarchitect.com/organic/#ixzz3CcURmEvc
3
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FLW
Prairie Style
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- 1893-1920
- houses with low horizontal lines and open interior spaces.
- To this end Wright’s Prairie Style house typically features a large, centrally-placed fireplace, a hearth that “grounds” the house, that becomes its focus.
- Prairie style houses usually have these features:
- Low-pitched roof
- Overhanging eaves
- Horizontal lines
- Central chimney
- Open floor plan
- Clerestory windows
- Americans are very connected to the land - part of American dream.
- Frank Lloyd Wright believed that rooms in Victorian era homes were boxed-in and confining. He began to design houses with low horizontal lines and open interior spaces. Rooms were often divided by leaded glass panels. Furniture was either built-in or specially designed.
4
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FLW
Usonian
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- In 1936, during the USA depression, Frank Lloyd Wright developed a simplified version of Prairie architecture called Usonian. Wright believed these stripped-down houses represented the democratic ideals of the United States.
- Affordable prarie style
5
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FLW
4 period
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- Prairie Style (late 18th and early 19th) like arts and crafts style. in 1920 he also traveld to Japan and got influenced of restfullness and horizontalness of Japanese Architecture ex) Robbie house (mature praire than his own home)
- In 1920 experiments with concrete. In CA and southwest he wated to experiment with concrete and cements (such as Barnsdall house, textile block houses)
- Usonian (Affordable version of Prairie 1940-50’s) (great depression started in 1930.) ex) Sturges house
- Contemporary 1950s ex) Guggenheim
6
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- Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959, American), Frank Lloyd Wright Home and Studio.
- 1889-95. Oak Park, Illinois.
- Earlier his style
- It has a bit of connection to the English style - pitched roof
- Use of brick, wood, copper - colors and materials of earth
- Never marble on his work
- he put symbols around the house ex) birds
- Sayings around the fireplace
- Heart as your home
7
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Frank Lloyd Wright Home and Studio, exterior detail.
8
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Why FLW’s building’s celings are low?
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- Wright had a way of using very low ceilings to create intimate spaces; places where you could rest and feel secure.
- He wanted people live in the house to connect with the house so he wanted ceiling come down to Human scale.
- Usually his entries are very closed in because he wanted you to move to foyer, he wanted you to move out of entrance into the structure.
- “Once inside, the visitor enters the birth canal, a dark and narrow passage that will enter the living room at a corner, with ever-increasing amounts of light and view drawing the visitor onward”
9
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- Frank Lloyd Wright Home and Studio, dining room.
- The tall back chair is for his family idea. He wants everyone to leave behind the stuff when they are in the dinning table.
- Once you’re sit at the chair you’re completely left out of rest of the world
- Very Stickley, arts and crafts furniture
- coming from strict family
10
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- Dana-Thomas House.
- Springfield, Illinois.
- Largest site for Wright’s art glass and furniture collection. Very large house. She let Wright to go wild and let him design almost everything to fit into his design.
- Susan was very forwarding thinking woman
- largest site specific collection of furniture, objects and art glass of any FLW home
- 12,000 sq ft, 35 rooms, 3 main levels, 16 levels
11
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Dana-Thomas House, 1902. Springfield, Illinois.
reception area.
12
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- Dana-Thomas House, bedroom.
- The window mimic the foliage outside (stylized tree)
- the closet can open up to become a private bed (privacy), can also convert to storage (concept of having lots of clothes and lots of storage is very modern idea)
- Stickley looking furniture
- beautiful posts
- native american looking rug - he believe past culture, can see lots of native American and Mayan design
- Primarily Japanese desgin influence and then native american and mayan inspirations
13
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Wright, Dana-Thomas House, interior.
- Blur the distinction between inside and out. (arts and crafts movement)
- Archieved through using art glass with ambers and browns. Very import idea for arts and crafts
14
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- Robie House.
- Chicago.
- Robie house is in his mature prairie style.
- Another way that he achieved to blur inside and out is outdoor livingroom
- Cantilevers : cantilever, [beam [Credit: Leonard G.]] beam supported at one end and carrying a load at the other end or distributed along the unsupported portion.
- Cantilevered roof, patio
15
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- Robie House. entrance
- Chicago.
- He changed the doorway from the front to hide it a little bit (birth canal). because the invention of car, no one sits on the porch
- there was a living room divided by the stain glass window for outdoor and indoor
16
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- Robie House. living room
- Chicago.
- modern light fixture
- native american style carpet
17
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Robie House, interior.
- art glass windows
- beams and ceiling
- Meant to be restful, materials and colors of the earth
- Using as much as possible of local materials
- Native American style carpet
18
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- Unity Temple.
- Oak Park, Illinois.
- A Unitarian temple (church)
- Concrete style
- birth canal
- a building representing the pinnacle of his Prairie Style
19
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- Unity Temple, interior. 1906
- This is a 4-sided church, people are facing each other
- very spiritual
- colors and art glass coming through ceiling
- coffered ceiling - connection to the past
- modern light fixture
- influence upon the textile block houses, he was already started to experiment with concrete
- CA concrete X - not fine enought to many pebbles, lime, clay - disintergrate
20
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Unity Temple, light fixture and ceiling panel.
21
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- Unity Temple. interior
- Oak Park, Illinois
- To accommodate the needs of the congregation, Wright divided the community space from the temple space through a low, middle loggia that could be approached from either side.
- This was an efficient use of space and kept down on noise between the two main gathering areas: those coming for religious services would be separated via the loggia from those coming for community events
22
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Unity Temple. altar
- Oak Park, Illinois
23
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- Larkin Company Administration Building.
- Buffalo. (Demolished in 1950.)
- Don’t exist anymore
- his first office building
- first Larkin Soap Company later became fulfillment center
- dark red brick, pink tinted mortar
- 5 stories high, brick roof
- atrium ceiling
24
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- Larkin Company Administration Building, interior.
- Concept has change on how to treat the employee from industrial revolution. Now its is about how to treat employees right and listen to what they have to say
25
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- Desk and chair for Larkin Company Administration Building.
- He believe sitting up straight. Very uptight person
- Chair folds and put into the desk - efficient
- Square - interest in Japanese
- Open area is for paper
26
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- Taliesin.
- Spring Green, Wisconsin.
- Wrights home
- Taliesin means shinning brow in Welsh, Frank Lloyd Wright placed Taliesin on the brow of a hill, leaving the crown, or top, open.
- Cantilever
- now he is establishing a architecture school, and he has another house in Scottsdale for school (Taliesin east and Taliesin west)
- mid to late prarie style.
27
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- Taliesin, living room. 1911. Spring Green, Wisconsin
- Very art deco looking rug
- rubble stone and bricks
- very prairie style with small rooms and horizontal
- always designed his own furniture
28
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- Taliesin, drafting room. 1911. Spring Green, Wisconsin
- this is rebuilt Taliesin after the fire
29
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- Barnsdall House (Hollyhock House).
- Los Angeles.
- remind you unity temple
30
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- Barnsdall House, details. Barnsdall House (Hollyhock House).1921. Los Angeles.
- Stylized hollyhock flower on the column
31
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Barnsdall House (Hollyhock House). 1921, Los Angeles. entry and front door.
32
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- Barnsdall House (Hollyhock House). 1921, Los Angeles, living room.
- Art deco looking - same era
- on the ceiling - sparkly stucco
33
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- Barnsdall House (Hollyhock House). 1921, Los Angeles, dining room
- typical FLW colors of the wood and art glass
34
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- Millard House (La Miniatura).
- Los Angeles.
- Experimentation of concrete
- he built a total of 4 stylize concrete textille block house
- there are 2 forms of textile concrete bolck
- he wated to make different patterns in these textile blocks
- 2 forms that you poured it’s cement concrete mixture into it and it got pattern in it - pour cement into premade pattern
- coutside is concrete, and the inside is the iron bar meet together which looks like textile
35
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- Storer House.
- 1923-24. Los Angeles.
- Textile concrete house
- In the 1920s, Wright designed a number of houses in California using precast “textile” concrete blocks reinforced by an internal system of bars. Wright first used his textile block system on the John Storer House in Hollywood, California, in 1923
36
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- Storer House, interior.
- 1923-24. Los Angeles.
- very Mayan looking
- mixing up concrete with wood
37
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- Freeman House.
- Hollywood, California.
38
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- Ennis House.
- Los Angeles.
- Largest and most storied past textile block house
- futuristic looking
- Mayan temple looking
- very small entry
39
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- Ennis House.
- Los Angeles.
- drive way
40
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- Ennis House. 1924. Los Angeles.
- detail of block
41
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- Ennis House. 1924. Los Angeles.
- interior
42
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- Ennis House. 1924. Los Angeles.
- interior
- Mayan looking
- experimentation with cement
- futuristic looking
- interior blocks are fine
43
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- S.C. Johnson and Son Administration Building.
- Racine, Wisconsin.
- This is early version of contemporary style
- The Johnson Wax Headquarters were set in an industrial zone and Wright decided to create a sealed environment lit from above, as he had done with the Larkin Administration Building.
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44
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- S.C. Johnson and Son Administration Building, interior.
- Racine, Wisconsin.
- Bring in lily pads (tendro form) idea
- the tubing glass is not very see through it soften the light coming in
- it feels like you are in a forest or underwater and looking up into the sky
45
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- S.C. Johnson and Son Administration Building, furniture.
- Racine, Wisconsin.
46
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- Edgar J. Kaufman Sr. House (Fallingwater).
- Bear Run, Pennsylvania.
- Built for the Kaufman family who was a department store owner.
- This is his the most famous work
47
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- Edgar J. Kaufman Sr. House (Fallingwater).
- Bear Run, Pennsylvania.
- The big cantilever makes the house sits right on top of the river
48
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- Incorporate the natural color and material in the Pennsylvania forest
49
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- Fallingwater, interior.
- FLW favorite is Cherokee red
50
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- Taliesin West.
- 1937-1959. Scottsdale, Arizona.
- Build the house with Rubble stone
51
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- Taliesin West, pillar. 1937-1959. Scottsdale, Arizona.
- Took symbols from the rock and incorporate into the rubble stone to adobe
- take local rock and soil to make concrete with
52
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- Taliesin West, Garden Room.
- Chair has a origami look, influence from Japan
- much lighter and more comfortable design as he get older
53
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- Sturges House.
- Los Angeles.
- Example of the Usonian house
- saguero cactus – he called it a perfect example for reinforced structure
- Originally commissioned as a cover for Liberty Magazine in the 1920s, Frank Lloyd Wright (American, 1867–1959) created Saguaro Forms and Cactus Flowers. Exquisite shapes and patterns of varying bursts of color create the signature art glass panel.
54
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Sturges House, interior.
A very simplified version of prairie style
Suppose to cost lower, but always end up more expensive
57
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- Hanna House.
- Stanford, California.
- This is a higher end usonian style. Very open and modern simplified arts and crafts
- The house is one-story high with a central clerestory (an outside wall of a room or building that rises above an adjoining roof and contains windows) and is constructed of native redwood board and batten, San Jose brick, cement and plate glass.
58
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- Hanna House. interior
- Stanford, California.
- his first work with non-rectangular structures
- this is the first and best example of Wright’s innovative hexagonal design
- Patterned after the honeycomb of a bee, the house incorporates six-sided figures with 120-degree angles in its plan, in its numerous tiled terraces, and even in built-in furnishings.
- Honeycomb House showed how Wright’s system of Polygonal modules could provide the openness that he associated with freedom of movement while gracefully integrating the house with its sloping topography.
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59
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- Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum.
- 1946-59. New York City
60
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Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum.
1946-59. New York City
