fluoride materials Flashcards
flouride in foods by adults
– Nonfluoridated communities: 1 mg/day.
– Fluoridated communities: 2 – 3 mg/day.
not know to be a significant factor in furores (mottled enamel)
small amounts of fluoride
fruits, vegeatbles, cereals
large amounts of fluoride
seafood and tea leaves
fluoride in water for infants and young kids
2-4 glasses
0.5-1 mg fluoride
fluoride in water for older children, adolescents and adults
6-8 glasses
1.5-2 mg of fluoride
what is optimal level of fluoride in water and what does it cause if it is above this level
optimal levels in water is 2ppm
can cause fluorosis
fluoride delivery methods
topical fluorides
systemic fluorides
topical fluorides - types
proffesional application
self-application
systemic fluorides type
water fluoridation
school water fluoridation
milk fluoridation
dietary fluorides
salt fluorides
fluoride in sugar
topical fluorides
placed directly on the teeth
some preparations provide high or low concentration over a short period of time
systemic fluorides
circulate through the blood stream and are incorporated into developing teeth
low concentration over a long period of time
professionally applied
dispensed by proffesional in dental office
high fluoride concentration products - 5000-9000ppm (5-9mgF/mL)
varnishes, gels, foams and solutions
self applied
fluoride denitrifies, mouth rinses and gels low fluoride concentration products - 200-1000ppm (0.2-1mgF/mL)
professionally applied topical fluorides used in preventative dentistry
sodium fluorides
stannous fluoride
acidulated phosphate fluoride
amine fluoride
sodium fluoride
1. percentage
2. fluoride concentration (ppm)
3. availability
4. pH
5. frequency of application
6. adverse effects
7. caries reduction
- 2%
- 9200
- foam, solution, gel
- neutral
- 4 times a year
- no
- 30%
stannous fluoride
1. percentage
2. fluoride concentration (ppm)
3. availability
4. pH
5. frequency of application
6. adverse effects
7. caries reduction
- 8%
- 19500
- gel, solution (rinse)
- 2.4-2.8 (acidic)
- biannually
- tooth pigmentation, gingival irritation
- 32%
APF
1. percentage
2. fluoride concentration (ppm)
3. availability
4. pH
5. frequency of application
6. adverse effects
7. caries reduction
- 1.23%
- 12300
- foam, gel, rinse
- 3 (acidic)
- biannually
- no
- 28%
self applied topical fluorides
denitrifices
mouth rinses
gels
compounds used in denitrifies
sodium fluoride, stannous fluroide, monoflurophosphate, and amine fluoride
mechanism of fluoride in caries reduction
■ Increased enamel resistance (or) reduction in enamel
solubility
■ Increased rate of post eruptive maturation
■ Remineralization of incipient lesions
■ Interference with plaque microorganisms
■ Modification in tooth morphology
methods of excretion of fluoride
three main avenues: urine, faces and perspiration
excretion of fluoride via the kidneys
40-50% does excreted during 24 hours
factors influencing: previous exposure to fluoride, age, urniary flow, urine pH, kidney state
in-office topical fluoride manipulation
Soft spongy trays with troughs are used to apply APF gels or foam.
Teeth are to be kept free of saliva as much as possible.
A ribbon of gel/foam is applied in the tray troughs.
Fluoride product filled tray is then placed in the mouth and gently molded on
buccal and lingual surfaces.
The gel has to penetrate inter-proximally and is left on for 4 minutes.
The patient is to be instructed not to eat for at least 30 minutes after topical
fluoride treatment.
aqueous solution and gels
The gel adheres to the tooth surface for a considerable amount of time
and eliminates the continuous wetting of enamel surfaces when
solutions are used.
2 or 4 quadrants can be treated simultaneously when trays are used
for gel application which results in substantial saving of time.
Thixotropic solutions are not necessarily gels but have high viscosity
under storage conditions and become fluid under high shear stress.
They are more stable at lower pH and do not run off the tray as readily
as conventional gels
other preventative dental materials
Pit and Fissure sealants: act as physical barriers which prevent food debris and bacteria
from collecting and penetrating cracks, pits and fissures. They thus serve as a protection
against caries.
Glass ionomers: which are Fluoride releasing
Resin sealants: not enough Fluoride release
