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Grade 8 Science > Fluids unit test > Flashcards

Fluids unit test Flashcards

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1
Q

What are fluids?

A

Materials that have no fixed shape and are free to flow, such as liquids and gases

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2
Q

What is the particle theory of matter?

A

A theory that explains what matter is made of and how it behaves

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3
Q

What is Laminar flow?

A

smooth and regular

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4
Q

`What is turbulent flow?

A

Choppy and regular

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5
Q

What is an eddy?

A

A circular movement of water, counter to a main current, causing a small whirlpool.

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6
Q

What does something being streamlined mean?

A

Design or provide with a form that presents very little resistance to a flow of air or water, increasing speed and ease of movement

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7
Q

What is flow rate?

A

A measure of how quickly fluids move; it is measured in a volume per unit time

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8
Q

What is viscosity

A

The state of being thick, sticky, and semifluid in consistency, due to internal friction

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9
Q

What is cohesion

A

The action or fact of forming a united whole

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10
Q

What is adhesion

A

The action or process of sticking to a surface or object

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11
Q

What is surface tension

A

The tension of the surface film of a liquid caused by the attraction of the particles in the surface layer by the bulk of the liquid, which tends to minimize surface area

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12
Q

What is the formulas for density?

A 
M = V x D
D = M/V
V = M/D
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13
Q

What is fluid mechanics

A

The study of fluids and how they behave when at rest and when moving

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14
Q

What is fluid dynamics

A

A part of the study of fluid mechanics concerned with how fluids moove

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15
Q

What is aerodynamics

A

A part of fluid dynamics concerned with how gases move

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16
Q

What is hydrodynamics

A

A part of fluid dynamics concerned with how liquids move

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17
Q

What is weight?

A

A force of gravity acting on an object

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18
Q

What is mass?

A

The amount of matter that makes up an object or substance

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19
Q

What is volume?

A

The amount of space an object or substance takes up

20
Q

What is density

A

A measure of the amount of matter in a given volume of a substance

21
Q

What is characteristic property

A

A property that makes a particular substance distinct from others

22
Q

What is buoyancy

A

The upward force that a fluid exerts on an object

23
Q

What is a swim bladder

A

A thin walled sac in their bodies that contains mainly oxygen

24
Q

What is a ballast tank

A

Specialized chambers that can be filled with air or water to control the depth of a submarine

25
Q

What does it mean to compress?

A

To pack closely together

26
Q

What is compressiblility

A

Being able to be compressed

27
Q

What are pneumatic systems

A

Systems that use pressurized air or other gases to do work

28
Q

What are hydraulics systems

A

Systems that use pressurized liquids, (often oil) to do a task

29
Q

What is pressure

A

The force applied to a unit of surface area

30
Q

What is atmospheric pressure

A

The force the atmosphere exerts on a unit of surface area

31
Q

What is Pascal’s law

A

a law that states that a force applied to a fluid is distributed equally through all parts of the fluid

32
Q

What is boyle’s law

A

As the volume of a container decreases, the atmospheric pressure on the container increases and vice versa

33
Q

What are valves

A

A mechanism that controls the flow of fluid in a pipe or tube

34
Q

What is an internal combustion engine

A

An engine that burns fuel in chambers inside the engine

35
Q

What are the formulas for pressure

A 
P = F/A
F = A X P
A = F/P
36
Q

What is Pascal’s principle

A

P1/A1=P2/A2

37
Q

What a fluid is and why they are important?

A

A fluid is a substance which does not have a fixed volume or shape, it is also completely free to flow inside its’ container. They are important because we lived in a world full of fluids, and a lot of things all around us are powered by fluids, from dentist chairs to cars.

38
Q

What is boyle’s law

A

P1 x V1 = P2 x V2

39
Q

How does the particle theory of matter relate to density, viscosity, flow rate and pressure

A

The closer the particles are, the higher the density, viscosity, and pressure. The flow rate will also go down

40
Q

The relationship between viscosity and rate of flow and effects of temperature

A

Flow rate is how fast or slow a fluid is moving, and the higher viscosity of a fluid, the slower it is. When the temperature increases the particles spread apart and lowering the viscosity.

41
Q

What are the properties of a solid (compressibility, shape, density, change of shape)

A

Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume and the particles’ are packed closely together and vibrate around a central point. They usually have the highest density out of the three states and can’t change states, they are also the only state of matter that can be compressed using your hands, and have the highest compression force. They can change into a liquid through melting and a gas through sublimation.

42
Q

What are the properties of liquids (compressibility, shape, density, change of state)

A

Liquids do not have a definite shape, however, they do have a defined volume as they take the shape of their container. The particles are freer than in a solid and are free to move past each other. Liquids typically have a lower density than that of solids, as their particles are spread further apart. When frozen, a liquid can change into a solid, and when heated it can turn into a gas. Liquids have a lower compression force than solids, however they are still compressed enough to hold the particles together.

43
Q

What are the properties of gases (compressibility, shape, density, change of state)

A

Gases do not have a definite shape or volume, the particles in a gas are spread further apart and move much faster. The compression force is extremely weak and they also have the lowest density out of the three states. Gases can change into liquids if subject to cold and into a liquid through deposition

44
Q

What are the applications of buoyancy?

A

Buoyancy can be found in natural environments in swim bladders, which is a sac in a fishes’ body that stores oxygen, decreasing their density, which can help the fish float, they can alter the amount of water they displace by in-taking less oxygen into their swim bladder. Ballast tanks which are similar to swim bladders can be found in submarines, they are usually filled with air or water to control how deep the submarine goes underwater, again using water displacement to their advantage.

45
Q

How does floating and sinking relate to density

A

If an object is less dense then the fluid it is in, it will float. If not, it will sink.

46
Q

What are the applications of pressure

A

Pneumatics and hydraulics are somewhat similar when the function. An example of a hydraulic system is having two syringes connected by a pipe. Liquid is the filled in one of the syringes and if you apply pressure on that syringe, it will transfer to the other one through the pipe. Pneumatics is sort of similar to that process but instead of a liquid, it uses a gas. It is of course easier to use pneumatics because it reduces the amount of pressure needed to apply on each syringe in order to allow the gas to pass on through the pipe and into the other syringe, but gases compress more so you need more in the system.

47
Q

What is displacement and how can you use it to find volume?

A

When an object is in water, the object can’t possibly take up the same space as the water, so the water moves out of the way. You can find the volume of an object by measuring the volume of the liquid, placing the object in the water so it displaces, and then subtracting the new volume by the old volume

Grade 8 Science (2 decks)

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