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Adult Health 1 > Fluids, Electrolytes, Acid/base balances > Flashcards

Fluids, Electrolytes, Acid/base balances Flashcards

1
Q

pH range

A

7.35 - 7.45

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2
Q

respiratory alkalosis

A 
pH > 7.45
PCO2 < 35mmHg
symptoms:
lightheadedness
inability to concentrate
numbness and tingling
altered LOC
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3
Q

respiratory acidosis

A 
pH < 7.35
PCO2 > 45 mmHg
symptoms:
sudden changes: increased HR, RR, BP
mental changes
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4
Q

metabolic acidosis

A

pH < 7.35
HCO3 < 22
symptoms:
headache, confusion, drowsiness, decreased BP, CO
increased RR and depth, Dysrhythmias, Shock

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5
Q

metabolic alkalosis

A 
pH > 7.45
HCO3 > 26
symptoms r/t Hypocalcemia and Hypokalemia
tachycardia
respiratory depression
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6
Q

serum sodium level

A

135 - 145 mEq/L

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7
Q

serum potassium level

A

3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L

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8
Q

serum calcium level

A

8.6 - 10.2 mg/dL

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9
Q

serum magnesium level

A

1.3 - 2.3 mg/dL

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10
Q

serum phosphate level

A

2.5 - 4.5 mg/dL

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11
Q

serum chloride level

A

97 - 107 mEq/L

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12
Q

Hgb values

A

women: 12 - 16
men: 13 - 18

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13
Q

WBC count

A

4,500 - 10,000/mm3

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14
Q

BUN

A

10-20

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15
Q

serum creatinine

A

0.7 - 1.4

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16
Q

HCT values

A

males: 42 - 52%
women: 35 - 57%

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17
Q

platelet count

A

150,000 - 450,000/mm3

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18
Q

urine osmolality and specific gravity

A

1.01 - 1.025

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19
Q

symptoms of hypervolemia

A

edema, JVD, abnormal lung sounds (crackles); tachycardia; SOA; wheezing; increase BP, increase HR, increase PP, increase CVP, increase weight, increase urine output; ascites

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20
Q

PCO2 range

A

35 - 45 mmHg

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21
Q

HCO3 range

A

22 - 26 mEq/L

22
Q

PO2 range

A

80 - 100 mmHg

23
Q

O2 saturation

A

95% or above

24
Q

hyponatremia

A

< 135 mEq/L

symptoms: N/V, headache, malaise, tachycardia, hypotenstion

25
Q

causes of hyponatremia

A

excessive diaphoresis
diuretics
hyperglycemia

26
Q

hypovolemia labs

A

increased HCT & Hgb
increased serum & urine osmolality & specific gravity
decrease urine sodium
increased BUN and serum creatinine

27
Q

hyperkalemia

A

> 5.0 mEq/L
symptoms: hypotension, PVCs, V-fib, restlessness
EKG: shortened repolarization and peaked T waves

28
Q

hypervolemia labs

A

decrease: HCT, Hgb, serum & urine osmolality, urine sodium & specific gravity

29
Q

causes of hyperkalemia

A

severe tissue damage
renal failure
certain medications
poor diet

30
Q

hypokalemia

A

< 3.5 mEq/L
symptoms: hypotension, AMS, N/V, weakness
EKG: flattened T waves, prolonged PR interval, prominent U waves, ST depression

31
Q

causes of hypokalemia

A

low potassium intake
trauma
vomiting/ diarrhea
Digoxin toxicity

32
Q

hypermagnesemia

A 
> 2.3 mg/dL
symptoms: hypotension, drowsiness, 
decreased respiration and reflex reactions
cardiac arrest
coma/decreased LOC
33
Q

causes of hypermagnesemia

A

DKA
adrenal insufficiency
hypothyroidism
renal failure

34
Q

hypomagnesemia

A

< 1.3 mg/dL
symptoms: neuromuscular irritability,
EKG abnormalities: PVCs, flat/inverted T waves, depressed ST segment, prolonged PR, wide QRS ALOC, Insomia

35
Q

causes of hypomagnesemia

A

alcoholism
hyperparathrydroidism
hyperadolsteronism
DKA

36
Q

hypercalcemia

A

> 10.2 mg/dL

s/s: abdominal pain, dehydration, bone pain, excessive urination

37
Q

causes of hypercalcemia

A

overactive parathyoid cancers

38
Q

hypocalcemia

A

< 8.6 mg/dL

S/S: cramping, spasms, fatigue, irritability, kidney stones, increased DTRs

39
Q

causes of hypocalcemia

A

hypoparathyroidism
vitamin D deficiency
kidney failure

40
Q

hypovolemia

A

cause: vomiting, diarrhea, GI suctioning, diaphoresis
S/S: cool, clammy skin, oliguria, concentrated urine, cramps, postural hypotension, AMS, rapid,weak pulse, thirst, N/V, muscle weakness

41
Q

hypernatremia

A

> 145 mEq/L

S/S: thirst, bradycardia, irritability, N/V, HTN

42
Q

cause of hypernatremia

A 
heat stroke
burns
NPO
hyperventilation
dehydration
43
Q

interventions and medical management for hypernatremia

A

interventions - oral hygiene, increase fluids, decrease sodium intake
medical management - hypotonic electrolyte saline, diet, patient education

44
Q

interventions and medical management for

hypomagnesemia

A

interventions - VS, assess muscle tone, fall precautions, bed alarm
medical management - EKG monitor, magnesium supplement, diet, alcohol cessation

45
Q

interventions and medical management for hyperkalemia

A

interventions: monitor I&Os, VS, assess for muscle weakness and AMS
medical management - monitor EKG, lasix

46
Q

interventions and medical management for hypocalcemia

A

interventions - encourage weight bearing exercises, calcium supplements, neuro checks
medical management - IV CaCl2, diet management

47
Q

interventions and medical management for hypermagnesemia

A

interventions - VS, assess reflexes to assess spinal cord

medical management - dialysis and diuretics

48
Q

interventions and medical management for hyponatremia

A

interventions - decreased fluids, daily weights

medical management - consult nephrology, hypertonic IV NS

49
Q

interventions and medical management for hypercalcemia

A

interventions - low calcium diet, strain urine for stones, encourage mobility, neuro checks
medical management - calcitonin, diuretics

50
Q

interventions and medical management for hypokalemia

A

interventions - VS, assess DTRs, monitor rhythm

medical management - monitor EKG, Potassium supplement

51
Q

major cations

A 
sodium
potassium
calcium
magnesium
hydrogen
52
Q

major anions

A 
chloride
bicarbonate
phosphate
sulfate
proteinate ions

Adult Health 1 (1 decks)

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