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Fluids And Electrolytes > Fluids/electrolytes > Flashcards

Fluids/electrolytes Flashcards

0
Q

Homeostasis is dependent on 3 mechanisms of perfusion, what are they?

A

Pump, fluid volume, container

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1
Q

Define homeostasis

A

Stability in the body’s internal environment

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2
Q

What is the most important substance in the human body? It accounts for how much of tbw?

A

Water and it accounts for 2/3 of tbw

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3
Q

What does ADH stand for and what does it affect?

A

It is antidiuretic hormone and it affects water by reducing water content

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4
Q

What happens when the body water content is too low?

A

Retains water

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5
Q

What happens when body water content is too high?

A

Releases water

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6
Q

Define dehydration

A

Excessive body water loss

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7
Q

What is the most common manifestation of dehydration?

A

Orthostatic hypotension

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8
Q

Define overhydration

A

Body takes in more water than it can excrete

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9
Q

What is the major sign (Cardinal sign) if overhydration?

A

Edema

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10
Q

Where do you see peripheral edema?

A

In the extremities

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11
Q

Where do you pulmonary edema?

A

Lung tissue

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12
Q

Define intercellular fluid

A

Fluid found within cell membrane

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13
Q

What is the primary intercellular ion?

A

Potassium K

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14
Q

Define extracellular fluid

A

Fluid outside the cell membrane

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15
Q

What are two types of extracellular fluid and explain each?

A

Intravascular - outside cell but inside circulatory system

Interstitial - outside cells and circulatory system

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16
Q

Plasma comprises how much of blood?

A

55%

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17
Q

Pulmonary edema is an example of what kind of extracellular fluid?

A

Interstitial fluid

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18
Q

What is the primary extracellular ion?

A

Sodium Na+

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19
Q

Define a solution

A

The mixture

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20
Q

Define a solvent

A

What does the dissolving

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21
Q

Define solute

A

The substance being dissolved

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22
Q

Define a molecule

A

Chemical structure that contains more than 1 atom bonded together by a shared election

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23
Q

Define ion

A

Elements that carry an electrical charge

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24
Q

What charge does a cation have?

A

Positive

25
Q

What charge does a anion have?

A

Negative

26
Q

What are the most common cations?

A

Sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium

27
Q

What are the most common anions?

A

Chloride, phosphate and bicarbonate

28
Q

Define osmosis

A

Movement of water from an area of more concentration to less concentration

29
Q

The net effect of osmosis is to ____ the amount of water on _____ sides of cell membrane

A

Equalize

Both

30
Q

Define diffusion

A

Movement of water to an area of high concentration to low requires no energy and is passive

31
Q

Define active transport

A

Area of low concentration to high and requires ATP

32
Q

Define filtration

A

Pushing from high to low pressure

33
Q

Define electrolyte

A

Compounds that break apart when combined with water that regulate acid base balance

34
Q

What does sodium do for the body

A

Regulates water levels and transmits nerve impulses. Increases cell
Membrane permeability

35
Q

What does potassium do for the body?

A

Maintenance of fluid and ph balance inside cell. Allows normal neurological function, cardiac function, muscle contraction. Transforms carbs to energy, storage of glycogen in lifer and skeletal muscle

36
Q

What does calcium do for the body?

A

Established thickness and strength of cell membrane. Essential for blood coagulation, hormone secretion, contraction of muscle, strength and durability of bone and teeth. Transmission of nerve impulses

37
Q

What does magnesium do for the body?

A

Helps absorb and use electrolytes, regulates BGL, supports muscle and neurological function, relaxation of cardiac muscle

38
Q

What does chloride do for the body?

A

Negative charge balances the positive charge of the cations

39
Q

What is the principle buffer in the body?

A

Bicarbonate hco3

40
Q

Why is phosphate important within the body?

A

Body energy stores

41
Q

Why are proteins important for the body?

A

Carry out biological functions

42
Q

Define hyponatermia

A

Low sodium

43
Q

Define hypernatremia

A

High sodium

44
Q

Define hyperkalemia

A

High potassium

45
Q

Define hypokalemia

A

Low potassium

46
Q

Define hypocalcemia

A

Low calcium

47
Q

Malnourished alcoholics present with muscle cramps and paresthesias which is the result of?

A

Hypocalcemia

48
Q

Define hypercalcemia

A

High calcium

49
Q

Define hypophosphatemia

A

Low phosphate

50
Q

Define hyperphophattemia

A

High phosphate

51
Q

Define hypomagnesium

A

Low magnesium

52
Q

Define hypermagnesium

A

High magnesium

53
Q

Define hematocrit

A

Percentage of RBCs in total blood volume

54
Q

Define tonicity

A

Tension exerted on a cell due to water movement across cell membrane

55
Q

Define isotonic solution and 2 examples

A

No movement of water occurs, normal saline and lactated ringers

56
Q

Define hypertonic solution

A

Water moves out of cell which causes cell to shrink

57
Q

Define hypotonic solution

A

water moves into cell and causes cell to swell

58
Q

Define colloid solution

A

Generates capillary collides and osmotic pressure. Too large to penetrate cap membrane

59
Q

Define crystalloid solution

A

Primary compounds in prehospital care. Isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic solutions

Fluids And Electrolytes (1 decks)

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