Fluids/electrolytes Flashcards

0
Q

Homeostasis is dependent on 3 mechanisms of perfusion, what are they?

A

Pump, fluid volume, container

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1
Q

Define homeostasis

A

Stability in the body’s internal environment

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2
Q

What is the most important substance in the human body? It accounts for how much of tbw?

A

Water and it accounts for 2/3 of tbw

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3
Q

What does ADH stand for and what does it affect?

A

It is antidiuretic hormone and it affects water by reducing water content

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4
Q

What happens when the body water content is too low?

A

Retains water

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5
Q

What happens when body water content is too high?

A

Releases water

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6
Q

Define dehydration

A

Excessive body water loss

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7
Q

What is the most common manifestation of dehydration?

A

Orthostatic hypotension

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8
Q

Define overhydration

A

Body takes in more water than it can excrete

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9
Q

What is the major sign (Cardinal sign) if overhydration?

A

Edema

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10
Q

Where do you see peripheral edema?

A

In the extremities

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11
Q

Where do you pulmonary edema?

A

Lung tissue

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12
Q

Define intercellular fluid

A

Fluid found within cell membrane

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13
Q

What is the primary intercellular ion?

A

Potassium K

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14
Q

Define extracellular fluid

A

Fluid outside the cell membrane

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15
Q

What are two types of extracellular fluid and explain each?

A

Intravascular - outside cell but inside circulatory system

Interstitial - outside cells and circulatory system

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16
Q

Plasma comprises how much of blood?

A

55%

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17
Q

Pulmonary edema is an example of what kind of extracellular fluid?

A

Interstitial fluid

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18
Q

What is the primary extracellular ion?

A

Sodium Na+

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19
Q

Define a solution

A

The mixture

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20
Q

Define a solvent

A

What does the dissolving

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21
Q

Define solute

A

The substance being dissolved

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22
Q

Define a molecule

A

Chemical structure that contains more than 1 atom bonded together by a shared election

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23
Q

Define ion

A

Elements that carry an electrical charge

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24
What charge does a cation have?
Positive
25
What charge does a anion have?
Negative
26
What are the most common cations?
Sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium
27
What are the most common anions?
Chloride, phosphate and bicarbonate
28
Define osmosis
Movement of water from an area of more concentration to less concentration
29
The net effect of osmosis is to ____ the amount of water on _____ sides of cell membrane
Equalize | Both
30
Define diffusion
Movement of water to an area of high concentration to low requires no energy and is passive
31
Define active transport
Area of low concentration to high and requires ATP
32
Define filtration
Pushing from high to low pressure
33
Define electrolyte
Compounds that break apart when combined with water that regulate acid base balance
34
What does sodium do for the body
Regulates water levels and transmits nerve impulses. Increases cell Membrane permeability
35
What does potassium do for the body?
Maintenance of fluid and ph balance inside cell. Allows normal neurological function, cardiac function, muscle contraction. Transforms carbs to energy, storage of glycogen in lifer and skeletal muscle
36
What does calcium do for the body?
Established thickness and strength of cell membrane. Essential for blood coagulation, hormone secretion, contraction of muscle, strength and durability of bone and teeth. Transmission of nerve impulses
37
What does magnesium do for the body?
Helps absorb and use electrolytes, regulates BGL, supports muscle and neurological function, relaxation of cardiac muscle
38
What does chloride do for the body?
Negative charge balances the positive charge of the cations
39
What is the principle buffer in the body?
Bicarbonate hco3
40
Why is phosphate important within the body?
Body energy stores
41
Why are proteins important for the body?
Carry out biological functions
42
Define hyponatermia
Low sodium
43
Define hypernatremia
High sodium
44
Define hyperkalemia
High potassium
45
Define hypokalemia
Low potassium
46
Define hypocalcemia
Low calcium
47
Malnourished alcoholics present with muscle cramps and paresthesias which is the result of?
Hypocalcemia
48
Define hypercalcemia
High calcium
49
Define hypophosphatemia
Low phosphate
50
Define hyperphophattemia
High phosphate
51
Define hypomagnesium
Low magnesium
52
Define hypermagnesium
High magnesium
53
Define hematocrit
Percentage of RBCs in total blood volume
54
Define tonicity
Tension exerted on a cell due to water movement across cell membrane
55
Define isotonic solution and 2 examples
No movement of water occurs, normal saline and lactated ringers
56
Define hypertonic solution
Water moves out of cell which causes cell to shrink
57
Define hypotonic solution
water moves into cell and causes cell to swell
58
Define colloid solution
Generates capillary collides and osmotic pressure. Too large to penetrate cap membrane
59
Define crystalloid solution
Primary compounds in prehospital care. Isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic solutions