Fluids/electrolytes

Question 0

Homeostasis is dependent on 3 mechanisms of perfusion, what are they?

Answer 0

Pump, fluid volume, container

Question 1

Define homeostasis

Answer 1

Stability in the body’s internal environment

Question 2

What is the most important substance in the human body? It accounts for how much of tbw?

Answer 2

Water and it accounts for 2/3 of tbw

Question 3

What does ADH stand for and what does it affect?

Answer 3

It is antidiuretic hormone and it affects water by reducing water content

Question 4

What happens when the body water content is too low?

Answer 4

Retains water

Question 5

What happens when body water content is too high?

Answer 5

Releases water

Question 6

Define dehydration

Answer 6

Excessive body water loss

Question 7

What is the most common manifestation of dehydration?

Answer 7

Orthostatic hypotension

Question 8

Define overhydration

Answer 8

Body takes in more water than it can excrete

Question 9

What is the major sign (Cardinal sign) if overhydration?

Answer 9

Edema

Question 10

Where do you see peripheral edema?

Answer 10

In the extremities

Question 11

Where do you pulmonary edema?

Answer 11

Lung tissue

Question 12

Define intercellular fluid

Answer 12

Fluid found within cell membrane

Question 13

What is the primary intercellular ion?

Answer 13

Potassium K

Question 14

Define extracellular fluid

Answer 14

Fluid outside the cell membrane

Question 15

What are two types of extracellular fluid and explain each?

Answer 15

Intravascular - outside cell but inside circulatory system

Interstitial - outside cells and circulatory system

Question 16

Plasma comprises how much of blood?

Answer 16

55%

Question 17

Pulmonary edema is an example of what kind of extracellular fluid?

Answer 17

Interstitial fluid

Question 18

What is the primary extracellular ion?

Answer 18

Sodium Na+

Question 19

Define a solution

Answer 19

The mixture

Question 20

Define a solvent

Answer 20

What does the dissolving

Question 21

Define solute

Answer 21

The substance being dissolved

Question 22

Define a molecule

Answer 22

Chemical structure that contains more than 1 atom bonded together by a shared election

Question 23

Define ion

Answer 23

Elements that carry an electrical charge

Question 24

What charge does a cation have?

Answer 24

Positive

Question 25

What charge does a anion have?

Answer 25

Negative

Question 26

What are the most common cations?

Answer 26

Sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium

Question 27

What are the most common anions?

Answer 27

Chloride, phosphate and bicarbonate

Question 28

Define osmosis

Answer 28

Movement of water from an area of more concentration to less concentration

Question 29

The net effect of osmosis is to ____ the amount of water on _____ sides of cell membrane

Answer 29

Equalize

Both

Question 30

Define diffusion

Answer 30

Movement of water to an area of high concentration to low requires no energy and is passive

Question 31

Define active transport

Answer 31

Area of low concentration to high and requires ATP

Question 32

Define filtration

Answer 32

Pushing from high to low pressure

Question 33

Define electrolyte

Answer 33

Compounds that break apart when combined with water that regulate acid base balance

Question 34

What does sodium do for the body

Answer 34

Regulates water levels and transmits nerve impulses. Increases cell
Membrane permeability

Question 35

What does potassium do for the body?

Answer 35

Maintenance of fluid and ph balance inside cell. Allows normal neurological function, cardiac function, muscle contraction. Transforms carbs to energy, storage of glycogen in lifer and skeletal muscle

Question 36

What does calcium do for the body?

Answer 36

Established thickness and strength of cell membrane. Essential for blood coagulation, hormone secretion, contraction of muscle, strength and durability of bone and teeth. Transmission of nerve impulses

Question 37

What does magnesium do for the body?

Answer 37

Helps absorb and use electrolytes, regulates BGL, supports muscle and neurological function, relaxation of cardiac muscle

Question 38

What does chloride do for the body?

Answer 38

Negative charge balances the positive charge of the cations

Question 39

What is the principle buffer in the body?

Answer 39

Bicarbonate hco3

Question 40

Why is phosphate important within the body?

Answer 40

Body energy stores

Question 41

Why are proteins important for the body?

Answer 41

Carry out biological functions

Question 42

Define hyponatermia

Answer 42

Low sodium

Question 43

Define hypernatremia

Answer 43

High sodium

Question 44

Define hyperkalemia

Answer 44

High potassium

Question 45

Define hypokalemia

Answer 45

Low potassium

Question 46

Define hypocalcemia

Answer 46

Low calcium

Question 47

Malnourished alcoholics present with muscle cramps and paresthesias which is the result of?

Answer 47

Hypocalcemia

Question 48

Define hypercalcemia

Answer 48

High calcium

Question 49

Define hypophosphatemia

Answer 49

Low phosphate

Question 50

Define hyperphophattemia

Answer 50

High phosphate

Question 51

Define hypomagnesium

Answer 51

Low magnesium

Question 52

Define hypermagnesium

Answer 52

High magnesium

Question 53

Define hematocrit

Answer 53

Percentage of RBCs in total blood volume

Question 54

Define tonicity

Answer 54

Tension exerted on a cell due to water movement across cell membrane

Question 55

Define isotonic solution and 2 examples

Answer 55

No movement of water occurs, normal saline and lactated ringers

Question 56

Define hypertonic solution

Answer 56

Water moves out of cell which causes cell to shrink

Question 57

Define hypotonic solution

Answer 57

water moves into cell and causes cell to swell

Question 58

Define colloid solution

Answer 58

Generates capillary collides and osmotic pressure. Too large to penetrate cap membrane

Question 59

Define crystalloid solution

Answer 59

Primary compounds in prehospital care. Isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic solutions