Fluids, electrolyte, and acid-base test from syllabus

Question 1

Plasma pH must be mintained within the range of?

Answer 1

7.35-7.45

Question 2

Osmosis refers to the movement across a semipermeable cell membrane of?

Answer 2

water from greater to lesser concentrations of water

Question 3

Diffusion refers to the movement across a cell membrane of?

Answer 3

Solute from greater to lesser concentration of solute

Question 4

Electrolyte concentrations are usually asessed through use of a sample of?

Answer 4

Plasma(extracellular)

Question 5

distribution, volume, and osmolarity of extracellular fluid are controlled by the?

Answer 5

Kidneys

Question 6

The primary electrolyte in extracellular fluid is?

Answer 6

sodium

Question 7

The primary electrolyte in intracellualar fluid is?

Answer 7

potassium

Question 8

Hypertonic extracellular fluid causes the cell to?

Answer 8

shrink

Question 9

hypotonic extracllular fluid causes the cell to?

Answer 9

expand

Question 10

Isotonic extracellular fluid causes the cell to?

Answer 10

remain the same no change

Question 11

Extracellular fluid is found?

Answer 11

in interstitial and intravascular comprtments

Question 12

To be in low sodium, the edematous client’s fluid retention may result from?

Answer 12

Aldosterone and ADH

Question 13

An electrolyte responsible for fluid retention is?

Answer 13

Sodium

Question 14

About 2/3 of normal adults male’s body fluid is where?

Answer 14

intracellular

Question 15

The age group with the least amount of body water is the?

Answer 15

elderly

Question 16

Electrolytes are clinically measured in mEq/L which are nits of?

Answer 16

electroconductivity

Question 17

Prolonged loss of extracellular fluid may ultimately cause a deficit of?

Answer 17

intracellular fluid

Question 18

The electrolyte resonsible for regulating extracellular fluid volume is?

Answer 18

sodium

Question 19

The electrolyte responsible for cardiac and skeletal muscle activity and function is?

Answer 19

Potassium

Question 20

Bicarbonate is the most important in?

Answer 20

metabolic acidosis/alkolosis

Question 21

What can result from prolonged, excessive loss of body fluids?

Answer 21

loss of electrolytes; increased concentration of plasma

Question 22

the secretion of ADH promotes

Answer 22

water retention water reabsorption

Question 23

The release of aldosterone, a mineralocorticoid, affects the reabsorption of?

Answer 23

sodium

Question 24

aldosterone release or deficiency is related to the?

Answer 24

adrenal cortex

Question 25

Hyponatremia may be caused by?

Answer 25

excessive administration of D5W

Question 26

Hypernatremia may result from?

Answer 26

prolonged infusion of hypertonic I fluids

Question 27

A primary function of sodium is to?

Answer 27

regulate volume and osmolarity of extracellular fluids

Question 28

Bicarbonate excretion or retention is controlled by the?

Answer 28

Kidneys

Question 29

Carbonic acid is most important in?

Answer 29

respiratory acidosis/alkolosis

Question 30

The hydrogen ion isnt an electrolyte. Its concentration reflects a solution"s

Answer 30

acidity or alkalinity

Question 31

The body's major buffer system is the?

Answer 31

bicarbonate, carbonic acid buffer system

Question 32

Beside concurrent functioning of the buffer system, lungs, and kidneys, what does the carbonic acid/bicarbonate buffer system need for acid-base balance?

Answer 32

adequate ventialtion

Question 33

What is the best way to evaluate the acid-base balance?

Answer 33

ABG

Question 34

When potassium is exchanged for sodium instead of hydrogen in the kidney's distal tubules hydrogen is?

Answer 34

retained

Question 35

asthma, pneumonia, or barbiturate poisoning may cause?

Answer 35

respiratory acidosis

Question 36

Diabetes mellitus, infection, or renal insufficiency may cause?

Answer 36

Metabolic acidosis

Question 37

Hyperventilation, hysteria, or anxiety may cause?

Answer 37

respiratory alkalosis

Question 38

vomiting, gastric suctioning, or diuretics may cause?

Answer 38

metabolic alkalosis

Question 39

Prolonged diarrhea may cause?

Answer 39

hypokalemia

Question 40

intensive diuretic therapy may cause?

Answer 40

potassium deficiency

Question 41

K may be replaced by IV therapy, oral med, and?

Answer 41

diet

Question 42

Clients taking diuretics at home should watch for?

Answer 42

fatigue, cramps, muscle weakness

Question 43

If a client is oliguric post-surgically, he usually isnt given potassium IV because hyperK may endanger?

Answer 43

cardiac function

Question 44

imbalances likely to be associated with diarrhea include?

Answer 44

deficient fluid volume, hypoK, and hypomagnesemia

Question 45

In renal failure, you must watch for signs of excessive retention or excretion of?

Answer 45

sodium and potassium

Question 46

Vomiting, or gastric suctioning may decrease levels of?

Answer 46

Mag, Na, and K

Question 47

Hypophosphatemia may be related to?

Answer 47

lack of vit D, hyperparathyroidism, severe diarrhea