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Section 2 > Fluids, electrolyte, and acid-base test from syllabus > Flashcards

Fluids, electrolyte, and acid-base test from syllabus Flashcards

These cards are from the test in the 117 syllabus pgs 68-74

1
Q

Plasma pH must be mintained within the range of?

A

7.35-7.45

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2
Q

Osmosis refers to the movement across a semipermeable cell membrane of?

A

water from greater to lesser concentrations of water

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3
Q

Diffusion refers to the movement across a cell membrane of?

A

Solute from greater to lesser concentration of solute

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4
Q

Electrolyte concentrations are usually asessed through use of a sample of?

A

Plasma(extracellular)

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5
Q

distribution, volume, and osmolarity of extracellular fluid are controlled by the?

A

Kidneys

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6
Q

The primary electrolyte in extracellular fluid is?

A

sodium

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7
Q

The primary electrolyte in intracellualar fluid is?

A

potassium

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8
Q

Hypertonic extracellular fluid causes the cell to?

A

shrink

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9
Q

hypotonic extracllular fluid causes the cell to?

A

expand

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10
Q

Isotonic extracellular fluid causes the cell to?

A

remain the same no change

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11
Q

Extracellular fluid is found?

A

in interstitial and intravascular comprtments

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12
Q

To be in low sodium, the edematous client’s fluid retention may result from?

A

Aldosterone and ADH

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13
Q

An electrolyte responsible for fluid retention is?

A

Sodium

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14
Q

About 2/3 of normal adults male’s body fluid is where?

A

intracellular

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15
Q

The age group with the least amount of body water is the?

A

elderly

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16
Q

Electrolytes are clinically measured in mEq/L which are nits of?

A

electroconductivity

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17
Q

Prolonged loss of extracellular fluid may ultimately cause a deficit of?

A

intracellular fluid

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18
Q

The electrolyte resonsible for regulating extracellular fluid volume is?

A

sodium

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19
Q

The electrolyte responsible for cardiac and skeletal muscle activity and function is?

A

Potassium

20
Q

Bicarbonate is the most important in?

A

metabolic acidosis/alkolosis

21
Q

What can result from prolonged, excessive loss of body fluids?

A

loss of electrolytes; increased concentration of plasma

22
Q

the secretion of ADH promotes

A

water retention water reabsorption

23
Q

The release of aldosterone, a mineralocorticoid, affects the reabsorption of?

A

sodium

24
Q

aldosterone release or deficiency is related to the?

A

adrenal cortex

25
Q

Hyponatremia may be caused by?

A

excessive administration of D5W

26
Q

Hypernatremia may result from?

A

prolonged infusion of hypertonic I fluids

27
Q

A primary function of sodium is to?

A

regulate volume and osmolarity of extracellular fluids

28
Q

Bicarbonate excretion or retention is controlled by the?

A

Kidneys

29
Q

Carbonic acid is most important in?

A

respiratory acidosis/alkolosis

30
Q

The hydrogen ion isnt an electrolyte. Its concentration reflects a solution”s

A

acidity or alkalinity

31
Q

The body’s major buffer system is the?

A

bicarbonate, carbonic acid buffer system

32
Q

Beside concurrent functioning of the buffer system, lungs, and kidneys, what does the carbonic acid/bicarbonate buffer system need for acid-base balance?

A

adequate ventialtion

33
Q

What is the best way to evaluate the acid-base balance?

A

ABG

34
Q

When potassium is exchanged for sodium instead of hydrogen in the kidney’s distal tubules hydrogen is?

A

retained

35
Q

asthma, pneumonia, or barbiturate poisoning may cause?

A

respiratory acidosis

36
Q

Diabetes mellitus, infection, or renal insufficiency may cause?

A

Metabolic acidosis

37
Q

Hyperventilation, hysteria, or anxiety may cause?

A

respiratory alkalosis

38
Q

vomiting, gastric suctioning, or diuretics may cause?

A

metabolic alkalosis

39
Q

Prolonged diarrhea may cause?

A

hypokalemia

40
Q

intensive diuretic therapy may cause?

A

potassium deficiency

41
Q

K may be replaced by IV therapy, oral med, and?

A

diet

42
Q

Clients taking diuretics at home should watch for?

A

fatigue, cramps, muscle weakness

43
Q

If a client is oliguric post-surgically, he usually isnt given potassium IV because hyperK may endanger?

A

cardiac function

44
Q

imbalances likely to be associated with diarrhea include?

A

deficient fluid volume, hypoK, and hypomagnesemia

45
Q

In renal failure, you must watch for signs of excessive retention or excretion of?

A

sodium and potassium

46
Q

Vomiting, or gastric suctioning may decrease levels of?

A

Mag, Na, and K

47
Q

Hypophosphatemia may be related to?

A

lack of vit D, hyperparathyroidism, severe diarrhea

Section 2 (3 decks)

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