FLUIDS, ECG, ABG, CHEST RADIOGRAPHS

Question 1

Cause of volume depletion

Answer 1

GASTROENTERITIS

Question 2

Cause of renal Mg loss

Answer 2

GITELMAN AND BARTTER SYNDROME

Question 3

Cause of metabolic acidosis

Answer 3

DIARRHEA

Question 4

Cause of metabolic alkalosis

Answer 4

EMESIS / DIURETIC USE

Question 5

Presenting complaint of chronic metabolic acidosis

Answer 5

FAILURE TO THRIVE

Question 6

Evaluating a pediatric ECG

Answer 6

RHYTHM
RATE
AXIS
P WAVE AND PR INTERVAL
QRS COMPLEX
QT, ST, T WAVE ABNORMALITIES

Question 7

Right atrial enlargement

Answer 7

TALL, PEAKED P WAVES ≥3MM IN LEAD II

Question 8

Right atrial enlargement

Answer 8

TALL, PEAKED P WAVES ≥3MM IN LEAD II

Question 9

Left atrial enlargement

Answer 9

WIDE AND NOTCHED P WAVES WITH DURATION OF >0.10 SEC (CHILDREN), >0.08 SEC (INFANTS)

Question 10

T waves in ECG

Answer 10

PEAKED T WAVES: HYPERKALEMIA

FLAT / LOW T WAVES: HYPOKALEMIA, HYPOTHYROIDISM, MYOCARDITIS

Question 11

Basic steps in ABG evaluation

Answer 11

PRIMARY ACID BASE DISORDER
COMPENSATION
SECONDARY DISORDER
ANION GAP
OXYGENATION STATUS

Question 12

Cardiothoracic ratio

Answer 12

INFANTS: 0.6

CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENT: 0.5

Question 13

Signs of pulmonary congestion in chest xray

Answer 13

CEPHALIZATION OF BLOOD VESSELS
CARDIOMEGALY
ALVEOLAR EDEMA
KERLEY B LINES

Question 14

Causes of tracheal deviation as seen in chest xray

Answer 14

PUSHED CONTRALATERALLY: PLEURAL EFFUSION / PNEUMOTHORAX

PUSHED IPSILATERALLY: ATELECTASIS