Fluids And Nutrition

Question 1

What is the body composition of sn adult male

Answer 1

60% water
40% solids
Proteins and related substances 18%
Fat 15
Mineral 7

Question 2

Total body water percentage in adults male and female, children and newborm

Answer 2

Adult male= 80%
Adult female 50
Children 65
Newborn 75

Question 3

What regulates the Extracellular compartment

Answer 3

Hydrostatic pressure
Oncotic pressure

Question 4

What regulates the Intracellular extracelkular

Answer 4

Electrolytes(osmolarity)

Question 5

What is osmolarity

Answer 5

Number of solute particles per 1L of solvent

Question 6

Oncotic pressure

Answer 6

Fraction of plasma osmolaruty that is due to plasma proteins

Question 7

ECF

Answer 7

Cations
Na K Mg

Anions
Cl
HCO

Nutrients
O2, glucose, fatty acids, amino acids

Wastes
CO2 urea utric acid excess water ions

Question 8

ICF

Answer 8

Cations
Na+
K+
Mg2+

Anion
Cl-
HCO3
Phosphate ions

Nutrients
High concentrations of proteins

Nutrients

Question 9

Regulation of ecf volume

Answer 9

Baroreceptors
RAAS
ADH
ANH

Question 10

Increased ECF VOLUME

Answer 10

Decreased aldosterone secretion
Decreased ADH
Decreased sympathetic stimulation
Increased ANH secretion

Question 11

Decreased ECF VOLUME

Answer 11

Increased aldosterone secretion
Increased ADH secretion
Increased sympathetic stimulation
Decreased ANH secretion

Question 12

How is water regulated

Question 13

What is food

Answer 13

Any substrate solid or liquid that contains nutrients

Question 14

Nutrients

Answer 14

Substrate that can be digested and used by the body

Question 15

Elements

Answer 15

Simple substance that can be broken down into anything simpler all nutrient are made up of elements

Question 16

Diet

Answer 16

Selection of food each person eats

Question 17

Balanced diet

Answer 17

Contains all nutrients in the correct amount your body needs

Question 18

Daily energy expenditure

Answer 18

Oxidative metabolism: captures the energy stored in the nutrient fuels(carbohydrates,lipids,and prroteins) uses this energy to sustain life)

Question 19

Neasurinf daily energy expenditure

Answer 19

Indirect calorimetry
More than 200 cumbersome equations
Simple way

Question 20

Indirect caliometry

Answer 20

Expensive
Requires trained personnel
Not readily available

Question 21

Simple way

Answer 21

REE (kal/day) 25x body weight

Question 22

Types of nutrients

Answer 22

Nacronutrients
Micronutrients

Question 23

Micronutrient

Answer 23

Vitamins
Trace elements
Macromineral

Question 24

Carbohydrate

Answer 24

Limited body stores, relies heavily on intake
Obligatory glucose user: CNS
Sources (Fruit, honey, table sugar, cakes, biscuits, sweets, fizzy drinks)
High sugar (Obesity, tooth decay and DM)

Question 25

Substrate requirements: lipids

Answer 25

Major endogenous fuel in humans
Highest energy yield (sources: Cooking oils, margarines, avocado, milk, cheese, cereal)
Function:
Release heat and energy for the body
Insulate body
Protect delicate organs e.g kidney
Help absorption of vitamin A,D,E,K
Delays hunger

Deficiency:
Scaly dermopathy
Cardiac dysfunction
Increased susceptibility to infections

Question 26

Substrate requirements: proteins

Answer 26

Growth of all body cells
Repair of worn or damaged cells
Hormones, enzymes, clotting factors and antibodies
Sources
Animal protein: Meat, poultry, fish, egg, cheese, milk, yougurt
Plant protein: Beans, peas, nuts, cereal

Question 27

Water soluble vs fat soluble vitamins

Answer 27

Fat soluble
A, D, E and K

Water soluble
B and C

Question 28

Feeding routes

Answer 28

Oral
Enteral
Parenteral

Question 29

What indicates the different feeding routes