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NSG 121 > fluids and electrolytes > Flashcards

fluids and electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

internal stability despite environmental changes

A

homeostasis

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2
Q

fluid out side of cell

A

extracellular fluid

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3
Q

fluid inside the cell

A

intracellular fluid

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4
Q

2 ecf

A

interstitial fluid and intravascular fluid

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5
Q

fluid surrounding cells in tissues

A

interstitial fluid

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6
Q

plasma and fluid in blood vessels

A

inter vascular fluid

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7
Q
A
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8
Q

molecules and solvent move across a semi permeable membrane, low concentration to high concentration

A

osmosis

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9
Q

dilution of a solution

A

osmolarity

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10
Q

mass of a solvent

A

osmolality

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11
Q

LARGE molecules, intravascular space LONGER

A

coLLoids

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12
Q

Small CRYSTALS, immediate fluid replacement (Iso/hyper/hypotonic solutions)

A

CRYSTALloids

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13
Q

0.9%NaCl
Lactated ringers
5% dextrose in water (D5W)

A

Isotonic fluid

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14
Q

3-5%NaCl
5% dextrose in 0.9% saline (D5NS)

A

hypertonic

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15
Q

0.45%NaCl

A

hypotonic

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16
Q

used for:
hyponatremia
metabolic alkalosis

A

hypertonic fluid

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17
Q

used for:
fluid matenince
blood loss
dehydration
DKA

A

isotonic fluid

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18
Q

used for:
hypernatremia
kidneys excrete fluid

A

hypotonic fluid

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19
Q

salt<water
causes cells to swell
Out of vessel intO cell

A

hypOtOnic

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20
Q

salt=water
cell stays same
stays where I put It

A

Isotonic

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21
Q

salt>water
cells shrink
EntErs the vessel from cell

A

hypErtonic

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22
Q

potassium(K)
magnesium(Mg)
phosphorus(Po4)

A

ICF

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23
Q

sodium(Na)
calcium(Ca)
chloride(Cl)

A

ECF

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24
Q

low volume in blood
incr. HR
dear. BP
decr. urine
dry mucous membranes

A

hypovolemia

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25
Q

high volume in blood
incr. HR
incr. BP
incr. urine
cradles

A

hypervolemia

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26
Q

most abundant ECF electrolyte
maintains fluid balance

A

Sodium

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27
Q

levels<135mEq/L
S(stupor)
A(anorexia)
L(lethargic)
T(tachycardia)

L(limp muscle)
O(orthostatic hypertension)
S(seizures)
S(stomach cramping)

A

hyponatremia

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28
Q

levels>145mEq/L
F(flushed)
R(restlessness)
I(irritability)
E(edema)
D(decr. urine output)

S(skin flushed)
A(agitation)
L(low-grade fever)
T(shirts)

A

hypernatremia

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29
Q

causes of hypernatremia

A

M(meds)
O(osmotic diuretics)
D(diabetes)
E(excessive H2O loss)
L(low H2O intake)

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30
Q

causes of hyponatremia

A

GI suctioning
diarrhea
N/V
fluid shift
diuretics
inadequate salt intake

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31
Q

where salt goes

A

water follows

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32
Q

2 types of hyponatremia

A

hyponatremia hypovolemia
hyponatremia hypervolemia

33
Q

incr. fluid
decr. sodium

A

hyponatremia hypervolemia

34
Q

decr. fluid
decr. sodium

A

hyponatremia hypovolemia

35
Q

foods high in sodium

A

pork
pickles
canned food
dried fruit
bread
sardines

36
Q

most abundant ICF
regulated by aldosterone
necessary for cardiac function

A

potassium

37
Q

levels<3.5mEq/L
S(skeletal muscle weak)
U(u wave depressed)
C(constipation)
T(toxicity)
I(irregular pulse)
O(orthostatic hypotension)
N(numbness)

A

hypokalemia

38
Q

level>5.0mEq/L
M(muscle cramp)
U(urine abnormal)
R(respiratory distress)
D(decr. cardiac contractibility)
E(ekg changes)
R(reflexes)

A

hyperkalemia

39
Q

causes of hypokalemia

A

Ng suctioning
N/V
meds
respiratory alkalosis

40
Q

causes of hyperkalemia

A

F(failure renal)
R(rhabdomyolysis)
A(Addisons)
M(metabolic acidosis)
E(excess meds)
S(spironolactone diuretics)

41
Q

ECF
circulates in blood stream
bones, teeth, muscle
regulated by PTH

A

calcium

42
Q

levels<8.9mg.dL
C(convulsions)
A(arrhythmias)
T(tetany)
S(spasm)

A

hypocalcemia

43
Q

levels>10.1mg/dL
B(bone pain)
A(arrhythmias)
C(cardiac arrest)
K(kidney stones)

M(muscle weak)
E(excessive urination)

A

hypercalcemia

44
Q

carpal spasm due to inflation of blood pressure cuff

A

positive trousseau’s

45
Q

contraction of facial muscles when facial nerve is tapped (cheeky smile)

A

chvostek’s sign

46
Q

causes of hypercalcemia

A

Diuretics
Drainage
Diarrhea

47
Q

causes of hypocalcemia

A

diuretics
ACE inhibitor
kidney disease
hyperparathyroidism
PTH

48
Q

ICF
function of cardiac, nerve, muscle, and immune
goes together with ca+

A

magnesium

49
Q

levels<1.5
not sedated
everything incr.

A

hypomagnesemia

50
Q

levels>2.6
sedated
everything decr.
coma

A

hypermagnesemia

51
Q

Mg emergent

A

D5W 1-2g in 2 min (push)

52
Q

Mg non emergent

A

D5W 1-2g in 2hr (pump)

53
Q

dehydration in chloride

A

hyperchloremia

54
Q

hypotension in chloride

A

hypochloremia

55
Q

Cl- (ECF) is besties with who

A

Na+

56
Q

phosphate(ICF), fluid loss or anything contributing to it

A

hypophosphatemia

57
Q

3 types of diuretics

A

Loop
Thiazide
Spironolactone

58
Q

Potassium wasting (losing)
hypokalemia

A

loop

59
Q

potassium wasting (throwing away)
hypokalemia

A

thiazide

60
Q

potassium Sparing
hyperkalemia

A

spironolactone

61
Q

example of loop diuretic

A

furosemide
(lasix)

62
Q

example of thiazide diuretic

A

HCTZ
(hydrochlorothalside)
(Controls BP)

63
Q

excessive fluid volume
integumentary

A

edema
skin tight
shiny

64
Q

excessive fluid volume
vitals

A

incr. bp
incr. hr
incr. rr
decr. O2 stats

65
Q

excessive fluid volume
weight

A

gain more than 1 kilo (5lbs) in 24 hr

66
Q

excessive fluid volume
neurological

A

headache

67
Q

excessive fluid volume
cardiac

A

bounding pulse
S3
jugular distended vein (JDV)

68
Q

excessive fluid volume
respiratory

A

wet cough
crackles
SOB
incr. rr
pink frothy sputum

69
Q

excessive fluid volume
gastrointestinal

A
70
Q

excessive fluid volume
urinary

A

decr urination (<30ml/hr)
dilute or concentrated

71
Q

deficient fluid volume
integumentary

A

tenting
dry skin
dry sticky mucous membrane

72
Q

deficient fluid volume
weight

A

lose more than 1 kilo (5lbs) in 24 hr

73
Q

deficient fluid volume
vitals

A

decr. bp
incr. hr (trying to push fluids)

74
Q

deficient fluid volume
neurological

A

headache
confusion
dizzy
r/f
weak

75
Q

deficient fluid volume
cardiac

A

weak thread pulse
decr capillary refill

76
Q

deficient fluid volume
respiratory

A

SOB

77
Q

deficient fluid volume
gastrointestinal

A

constipation

78
Q

deficient fluid volume
urinary

A

dark concentrated urine
specific gravity

79
Q

D5W

A

don’t give to diabetics

starts of iso catalyses loses water D5 and hypo

NSG 121 (4 decks)

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