fluids and electrolytes Flashcards
internal stability despite environmental changes
homeostasis
fluid out side of cell
extracellular fluid
fluid inside the cell
intracellular fluid
2 ecf
interstitial fluid and intravascular fluid
fluid surrounding cells in tissues
interstitial fluid
plasma and fluid in blood vessels
inter vascular fluid
molecules and solvent move across a semi permeable membrane, low concentration to high concentration
osmosis
dilution of a solution
osmolarity
mass of a solvent
osmolality
LARGE molecules, intravascular space LONGER
coLLoids
Small CRYSTALS, immediate fluid replacement (Iso/hyper/hypotonic solutions)
CRYSTALloids
0.9%NaCl
Lactated ringers
5% dextrose in water (D5W)
Isotonic fluid
3-5%NaCl
5% dextrose in 0.9% saline (D5NS)
hypertonic
0.45%NaCl
hypotonic
used for:
hyponatremia
metabolic alkalosis
hypertonic fluid
used for:
fluid matenince
blood loss
dehydration
DKA
isotonic fluid
used for:
hypernatremia
kidneys excrete fluid
hypotonic fluid
salt<water
causes cells to swell
Out of vessel intO cell
hypOtOnic
salt=water
cell stays same
stays where I put It
Isotonic
salt>water
cells shrink
EntErs the vessel from cell
hypErtonic
potassium(K)
magnesium(Mg)
phosphorus(Po4)
ICF
sodium(Na)
calcium(Ca)
chloride(Cl)
ECF
low volume in blood
incr. HR
dear. BP
decr. urine
dry mucous membranes
hypovolemia
high volume in blood
incr. HR
incr. BP
incr. urine
cradles
hypervolemia
most abundant ECF electrolyte
maintains fluid balance
Sodium
levels<135mEq/L
S(stupor)
A(anorexia)
L(lethargic)
T(tachycardia)
L(limp muscle)
O(orthostatic hypertension)
S(seizures)
S(stomach cramping)
hyponatremia
levels>145mEq/L
F(flushed)
R(restlessness)
I(irritability)
E(edema)
D(decr. urine output)
S(skin flushed)
A(agitation)
L(low-grade fever)
T(shirts)
hypernatremia
causes of hypernatremia
M(meds)
O(osmotic diuretics)
D(diabetes)
E(excessive H2O loss)
L(low H2O intake)
causes of hyponatremia
GI suctioning
diarrhea
N/V
fluid shift
diuretics
inadequate salt intake
where salt goes
water follows