Fluids And Electrolytes

Question 1

Percentage of fluid in adult’s body?

Answer 1

50-60%

Question 2

What are the major cations and anions?

Answer 2

Cations: sodium, potassium, calcium magnesium and hydrogen ions

Anions: chloride, bicarbonate, sulfate and proteinate ions

Question 3

Define Homeostasis. Why is it dynamic?

Answer 3

Homeostasis is a dynamic process in which the body maintains balance by constantly adjusting to the internal and external stimuli.

It is “dynamic” because it controls the growth through a constant changing process.

Question 4

2 major fluid compartments?

Answer 4

Intracellular Fluid and Extracellular Fluid

Question 5

ECF is further divided into compartment, So what are those?

Answer 5

Interstitial- Lymph
Intravascular-Plasma
Intracellular/transcellular

Question 6

Define Feedback

Answer 6

Feedback is the relaying of information about a given condition to the appropriate organ or system.

Question 7

Give 2 examples of negative feedback

Answer 7

Blood pressure control and maintenance of normal body temperature

Question 8

What are the systems involved in feedback?

Answer 8

Nervous system: regulates homeaostasis by sensing system deviations and sending nerve impulses to appropriate organs.

Endocrine System: uses the release and action of hormones to maintain homeostasis

Question 9

What enhances or intensifies the original feedback/stimulus?

Answer 9

Positive Feedback

Question 10

Function of ICF and ECF?

Answer 10

ICF- functions as a stabilizing agent for the parts of the cell, helps maintain shape and assists w/ transport of nutrients across the cell membrane in and out of the cell.

ECF- mostly appears as interstitial tissue fluid and intravascular fluid. Provides medium for the exchange of substances between the ECF and the cells.

Question 11

What are the 4 fluid regulation mechanisms?

Answer 11

Thirst Center
Antidiuretic Hormone
The RAA System
Atrial Natriuretic System

Question 12

Thirst Center?

Answer 12

it is in the hypothalamus that stimulates or inhibits the desire for a person to drink

Question 13

Ano ang nireregulate ni ADH?

Answer 13

Regulates the amount of water the kidney tubules absorb and is released in response to low blood volume or in response to an increase in concentration of sodium and other solutes in the intravascular fluids.

Question 14

RAA stands for?

Answer 14

Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone

Question 15

Ano ang nirerelease ng “Heart” in correcting overload imbalances?

Answer 15

ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide)

Question 16

Ano ang daily normal Input and Output ( I & O)?

Answer 16

Daily output should equal the intake

Question 17

Dehydration means FVD, yes or no?

Answer 17

No because dehydration refers to a loss of total body water.

Question 18

What is sensible and insensible loss?

Answer 18

Sensible Loss: can be perceived by the senses and can be measured (urine feces)

Insensible Loss: can neither be perceived nor be measured. ( breathing and perspiration)

Question 19

Ano ang mga organ na nagrerelease sa RAA?

Answer 19

Renin (kidney)
Angiotensin (liver) -vasodilator
Aldosterone- (adrenal cortex) volume regulator

Question 20

Other terms for electrolytes?

Answer 20

Salt

Question 21

Causes and Treatment for dehydration?

Answer 21

Causes: prolonged sun exposure, excessive exercise, diarrhea, vomiting and burns

Treatment: supplemental fluids and electrolytes

Question 22

In icf ano ang most dominant cation and anion?

Answer 22

Cation- potassium

Anion- Phosphate

Question 23

In ecf ano ang most essential cation and anion?

Answer 23

Essential Cation:Sodium

Essential Anion:chlorine

Question 24

Origin of electrolytes

Answer 24

Found in the form of organic salts acids and bases.

Question 25

Causes and treatment for edema

Answer 25

Cause: disruption of the filtration and osmotic forces of body’s circulating fluids

Treatment: diuretics

Question 26

Overhydration

Answer 26

Excess of water in body