Fluids and electrolytes Flashcards
dominant cation in ECF
Sodium
most devastating consequence of hypernatremia
Brain hemorrhage
what is the goal in decreasing the serum sodium?
<12mEqs/L every 24 hours
hyponatremia is defined as
serum sodium less than 135 meq/L
responsible for most symptoms of hyponatremia
Brain cell swelling
rapid correction of hyponatremia may cause
Central Pontine myelinosis (CPM)
major intracellular cation
Potassium
principal hormone regulating potassium secretion
Aldosterone
ECG findings in hyperkalemia
peaking of T waves, followed by ST segment depression, increased PR interval, flattening of P wave, widening of QRS complex
seen in patients with leukemia and very elevated WBC counts
spurious hypokalemia
ECG changes in hypokalemia
flattened T wave, depressed ST segment, appearance of U wave
what are the effects of severe hypermagnesemia (>15mg/dL)
complete heart block and cardiac arrest
most common etiology of Metabolic acidosis
diarrhea
most commonly secondary to emesis or diuretic use
Metabolic alkalosis
- low urinary chloride level
- elevated urinary chloride
Most devastating consequence of untreated hypernatremia
Brain hemorrhage
Associated with overly rapid correction of hyponatremia
Central pontine myelinolysis
Most common cause of hypovolemic hyponatremia in children
Diarrhea
Management for hyperkalemia
Ca gluc Insulin + Dextrose Salbutamol Bicarb for acidosis Loop diuretics, HD
Metabolic acidosis in children is most commonly secondary to
Vomiting
Nasogastric suctioning may cause
Metabolic alkalosis
Goals of maintenance fluids
Prevent dehydration
Prevent electrolyte disoders
Prevent ketoacidosis
Prevent protein degradation
Sources of water loss
Urine: 60%
Insensible loss: 35%
Stool: 5%
Normal anion gap
12-16
Central diabetes insipidus will have laboratory result of
Serum Na increased
Urine Na decreased
