Fluids and Electrolytes

Question 1

Intravascular:

Answer 1

the fluid inside a blood vessel

Question 2

Intracellular:

Answer 2

The fluid inside a cell (most bodily fluids are inside the cells)

Question 3

Extracellular:

Answer 3

fluid outside the cells (includes interstitial fluid [fluid in between cells], blood, bone, connective tissue, water)

Question 4

Isotonic: type of fluid and meaning

Answer 4

0.9% NS, D5W, Lactated Ringers

No osmotic force = cells neither swell nor shrink

Question 5

Hypotonic: type of fluid and meaning

Answer 5

0.45% NS, 0.33% NS

More dilute solutions (more water than solute) = causes water to enter cells *watch for edema

Question 6

Hypertonic: type of fluid and meaning

Answer 6

3% NS, 5% NS, D10W, D5W with 1⁄2 NS, D5LR

More concentrated solution (more solute than water) = water is removed from cells

Question 7

Colloid: type of fluid and meaning and when is it given

Answer 7

Dextran, Albumin

Fluid moves from interstitial to intravascular compartment *given in severe hypovolemia

Question 8

Sodium:

• Foods that will increase electrolyte
• ECG Change
• Notes

Answer 8

• bacon, butter, canned food, cheese, milk, condiments, salt, bread
• no ECG changes
• Low Na = High H20 High Na = Low H20

Question 9

Potassium:

• Foods that will increase electrolyte
• ECG Change
• Notes

Answer 9

• avocado, banana, carrots, fish, oranges, potatoes, pork/beef, spinach, tomato
• Low: ST dep., shallow/flat/ inverted T wave, U wave
  High: tall peaked T wave, flat P wave, wide QRS
• Potassium is never given by IV push (IVP)!! It is always diluted in a minibag!!
• never given greater than 10meq/hr

Question 10

Calcium:

• Foods that will increase electrolyte
• ECG Change
• Notes

Answer 10

• cheese, milk, spinach, yogurt, tofu, sardines, greens
• Low: prolonged ST + QT High: shortened ST, wide T wave
• Low calcium = Positive Trousseau’s and Chvostek’s

Question 11

Magnesium:

• Foods that will increase electrolyte
• ECG Change
• Notes

Answer 11

• avocado, leafy greens, milk, wheat, peanut butter, pork/beef/chicken, potatoes, yogurt
• Low: tall T wave, depressed ST High: prolonged ST, wide QRS
• Antidote for magnesium toxicity = calcium gluconate

Question 12

• Foods that will increase electrolyte
• ECG Change
• Notes

Answer 12

• Fish, pumpkin, nuts, pork/beef/chicken, whole grain, dairy
• No ECG changes
• Decrease in phosphorus levels results in increase in calcium lv

Question 13

Sodium/Potassium –

Answer 13

inverse relationship; high Na = low K

Question 14

Calcium/Phosphorus –

Answer 14

inverse relationship; high Ca = low Phos

Question 15

Calcium/Vit D –

Answer 15

similar relationship; high Ca = high Vit D

Question 16

Magnesium/Calcium –

Answer 16

similar relationship; low Mg = low Ca

Question 17

Magnesium/Potassium –

Answer 17

similar relationship; low Mg = low K

Question 18

Magnesium/Phosphorus –

Answer 18

inverse relationship; low Mg = high Phos