Fluids

Question 1

% of water loss through eating

Answer 1

20%

Question 2

% of water intake through drinking

Answer 2

80%

Question 3

% of water intake through metabolism of food

Answer 3

10%

Question 4

Insensible losses of water

Answer 4

Respiration

Sweating

Question 5

Abnormal losses

Answer 5

Vomit & diarrhoea

Question 6

What % of total body weight is water

Answer 6

60%

Question 7

What % of water in the body is extracellular

Answer 7

20%

Question 8

% of intercellular water

Answer 8

40%

Question 9

% of interstitial fluid

Answer 9

15%

Question 10

% of intavascular water

Answer 10

5%

Question 11

Causes for primary causes of water depletion

Answer 11

Lack of water supply
Unable to drink
Excessive panting 
Pyrexia/fever
Diabetes insipidus

Question 12

Causes for mixed water depletion

Answer 12

Vomiting 
Diarrhoea
Third spaced fluid loss
Burns 
Wounds

Question 13

Considerations of fluid therapy

Answer 13

Route of fluid therapy
Choice of vein
Choice of fluid e.g. blood products, colloids, crystaloids
Choice of giving set

Question 14

What is shock

Answer 14

State of acute circulatory collapse where the circulation is unable to transport sufficient oxygen to meet the tissues

Question 15

Types of shock

Answer 15

Hypovolaemic
Obstructive
Cardiogenic
Distributive (SIRS/anaphylactic)

Question 16

Hypovolaemic shock

Answer 16

Due to loss of circulating blood volume causing decrease in tissue perfusion

Question 17

Causes of hypovolaemic shock

Answer 17

Haemorrhagic 
Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Severe dehydration 
Neoplasia
Burns
Polyuria

Question 18

Obstructive shock

Answer 18

Rare
Obstruction of blood flow from heart or venous return to the heart
Must occur in a vessel close to heart to cause deficit in tissue ivy Ben delivery

Question 19

Causes of obstructive shock

Answer 19

Pulmonary thromboembolism

Pericardial effusion - increased intrapericardial pressure reduces blood flow to right side of heart