Fluids Flashcards
% of water loss through eating
20%
% of water intake through drinking
80%
% of water intake through metabolism of food
10%
Insensible losses of water
Respiration
Sweating
Abnormal losses
Vomit & diarrhoea
What % of total body weight is water
60%
What % of water in the body is extracellular
20%
% of intercellular water
40%
% of interstitial fluid
15%
% of intavascular water
5%
Causes for primary causes of water depletion
Lack of water supply Unable to drink Excessive panting Pyrexia/fever Diabetes insipidus
Causes for mixed water depletion
Vomiting Diarrhoea Third spaced fluid loss Burns Wounds
Considerations of fluid therapy
Route of fluid therapy
Choice of vein
Choice of fluid e.g. blood products, colloids, crystaloids
Choice of giving set
What is shock
State of acute circulatory collapse where the circulation is unable to transport sufficient oxygen to meet the tissues
Types of shock
Hypovolaemic
Obstructive
Cardiogenic
Distributive (SIRS/anaphylactic)
Hypovolaemic shock
Due to loss of circulating blood volume causing decrease in tissue perfusion
Causes of hypovolaemic shock
Haemorrhagic Vomiting Diarrhoea Severe dehydration Neoplasia Burns Polyuria
Obstructive shock
Rare
Obstruction of blood flow from heart or venous return to the heart
Must occur in a vessel close to heart to cause deficit in tissue ivy Ben delivery
Causes of obstructive shock
Pulmonary thromboembolism
Pericardial effusion - increased intrapericardial pressure reduces blood flow to right side of heart
