Fluids

Question 1

What happens to the molecules in a liquid when it changes to a solid?

Answer 1

They contract [The molecules come closer to each other]

Question 2

Is a substance heavier in solid or liquid state? Explain why?

Answer 2

Solid since the molecules contract, the volume of the substance decreases and the density increase

Question 3

What is each water molecule made of?

Answer 3

2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom

Question 4

Why does ice float in water?

Answer 4

Because as water gets colder 4°C the hydrogen bonds connected and different water molecules just to keep that negatively charged oxygen Adams apart. As water freezes it expands and becomes less dense therefore it floats.

Question 5

What is the only rock that can float?

Answer 5

Pumice

Question 6

What is buoyancy force?

Answer 6

The buoyancy force on an object and amerce in a fluid equals the weight of the fluid that the object displaces [e.g. If you put 5 pounds of sand inside a bottle of water, 5 pounds of water will come out]

Question 7

Define density?

Answer 7

The amount of mass in a certain volume of substance

Question 8

What is average density?

Answer 8

It is the density of an entire area/ volume of an object, including the air.

Question 9

What is the definition of pressure?

Answer 9

Amount of force applied to a given area

Question 10

What would a buoy in pen lake be more submerged in the water than a buoy in the Pacific Ocean?

Answer 10

Because the water in the Pacific Ocean is more dense than the water in pen lake.

Question 11

What are plimsoll lines and what purpose do they have?

Answer 11

Lines that you see in a boat. The lines indicate the maximum depth to which a ship can be safely loaded.

Question 12

In the maritime tropical climate summer season Caribbean Sea, what plimsoll line would they use ?

Answer 12

Tropical

Question 13

What does pascals law state?

Answer 13

That when a force is applied to an enclosed fluid, the increase in pressure is transmitted equally to all parts of the fluid.

Question 14

What pressure does a hydraulic system use? A pneumatic system?

Answer 14

Hydraulic system- pressurized liquid

Pneumatic system- pressurized gas

Question 15

Why is it easier to compress a gas than compress a liquid?

Answer 15

Liquids can’t be compressed as much as gases, because gases have a lower density

Question 16

How does a hydraulic system multiply a force?

Answer 16

A hydraulic system multiplies the force exerted by a liquid by using different size Pistons

Question 17

What is the purpose of a valve?

Answer 17

Valves purpose is to control the flow of fluids, to control the level of fluid in a container, control direction of flow and to prevent release of fluid

Question 18

If there was a hole in the middle of a toothpaste container and a hole at the bottom, would the toothpaste come out faster in the middle or at the bottom?

Answer 18

The toothpaste would leave the tube at the same rate from each little hole because of pascals law

Question 19

What is oil?

Answer 19

Oil is a fossil fuel, it is formed from prehistoric organisms, layers of sediment applied pressure to these fossil feels which made them increase in temperature, this process change their chemical composition transforming them into oil. Finite fossil will run now in the 2050s at this current rate

Question 20

What are some pros of oil?

Answer 20

Fuels are cars and homes, used as a main energy source, gets people jobs, provides income, used for plastics and ash fault

Question 21

Cons of the oil?

Answer 21

Pollution, expensive, finite, time-consuming/hard to get, oil spills take a long time to clean up and dangerous to transport

Question 22

What are some factors that will determine the sensitivity of an oil spill?

Answer 22

Distance [From sensitive coastal waters and wildlife], type of oil spilled [crude oil/heavy oil], quantity of oil, wind & tide & ocean currents, storms, reaction time, diversity of local ecosystem and is the oil spill catches on fire

Question 23

Name the six methods of cleanup for an oil spill?

Answer 23

Containment booms, skimmers, sorbents, burning, dispersants, bioremediation

Question 24

What is the containment boom and what does it do?

Answer 24

Acts like a fence, help to concentrate oil, so that skimmers and vacuums or other collection methods can be used, safe for marine knife, can be affected by marine currents, the direction and velocity of the windand the height and frequency of the waves, it is usually the first piece of equipment to arrive when a spill is reported

Question 25

What are skimmers and what do they do?

Answer 25

Skimmers are machines that suck up oil like a vacuum, blot the oil or physically separate the oil from the water, Much of the spilled oil can be recovered with skimmers, recovered oil is stored in the storage tanks or barges, skimmers get clogged Easley and don’t work well on large or oil spills or when the water is rough

Question 26

What are sorbents and what do they do?

Answer 26

Materials that soaks up liquid, must be recovered and disposed of or squeezed free of oil and reused, absorbent materials very much like paper towels are used to soak up oil from the water surface or even from rocks and animal life, not recognized as a primary means of recovering most oil spills of the expensive costs and disposal problems, once the material is coated with oil it may then be heavier than water

Question 27

What does burning the oil spill do?

Answer 27

Can remove over 90% of an oil spill, minimum of 3 mm thick and it must be fresh, burning releases harmful toxins into the air that can harm the shoreline and is not successful if winds are strong, top layer of the ocean contains fish eggs and larvae that are destroyed by the burning of oil

Question 28

What is a dispersant and what does it do?

Answer 28

Chemicals such as detergents breakapart floating oil into small particles, break up layer of oil into small droplets, mix the oil with the water, dispersants often harm marine life and the dispersed oil remains in the water, oil can also turn into tar balls which sink and affect life living underwater

Question 29

What is bioremediation and what does it do?

Answer 29

Natural and environmentally friendly way of cleaning up, breakdown of contaminants by living organisms primarily micro organisms, metabolizing pollutants such as oil into water and harmless the gases, time consuming (may take many years)

Question 30

What is the definition of viscosity?

Answer 30

Viscosity is the fluids resistance to flow (high viscosity=viscous)

Question 31

How do you calculate density?

Answer 31

Mass divided by volume

Question 32

How do you calculate volume?

Answer 32

Mass divided by density

Question 33

How do you calculate mass?

Answer 33

Volume times the density

Question 34

What can affect the density of a fluid?

Answer 34

If heat energy is added

Question 35

What a next of fluids viscosity [flowrate]?

Answer 35

If heat energy is added