Fluids

Question 1

Normal serum osmolarity for adults

Answer 1

270-300

Question 2

Hypertonic fluids osmolarity

Answer 2

greater than 300

Question 3

Hypotonic fluids osmolarity

Answer 3

less than 270

Question 4

Isotonic solutions - 3 examples

Answer 4

Dextrose 5% (D5W), Lactated Ringers (LR), Normal Saline (0.9%)

Question 5

What is the purpose of using an isotonic solution? How is this purpose accomplished?

Answer 5

Maintain fluid intake and re-establish water volume.

Isotonic solutions stay in the vascular compartment and therefore expands the vascular volume.

Question 6

Using an isotonic solution has a risk for causing what?

Answer 6

fluid overload

Question 7

Hypertonic solutions- examples

Answer 7

5% dextrose in NS (D5NS), 5% dextrose in 1/2 NS, D5LR, D10W, and parenteral nutrition

Question 8

Hypertonic solution- when is it used?

What kind of patient would get a hypertonic solution?

Answer 8

When there is a fluid, electrolyte and acid based imbalance that needs to be corrected.
Pt with hyponatremia with edema

Question 9

Hypotonic solution- examples

Answer 9

1/2 NS (0.45% NaCl), 1/2 NS (0.33% NS), 2.5% DW

Question 10

Hypotonic solutions- how do they work?

What does it treat?

Answer 10

Moves water into the cells and expands them. The cells swell.
Used to provide free water and treat cellular dehydration