Fluids Flashcards
The healthcare provider orders a hypertonic crystalloid IV solution for a 70-year-old patient with cerebral edema. Which assessment should the nurse report immediately to the provider?
a) Improved BP, increased urinary output, and stable vital signs.
b) Hyperglycemia, decreased urinary output, and increased level of conciousness.
c) Thirst, dry mouth, cool extremities, and decreased urinary output/
d) headache, irritability, confusion, widening of pulse pressure, and decreased level of conciousness.
d) headache, irritability, confusion, widening pulse pressure, and decreased level of conciousness.
A pt. is receiving fluid replacement. The nurse’s health teaching with the pt. includes which suggestions? (Select all that apply).
a) Measure weight daily.
b) Know that thirst means a mild fluid deficit.
c) Monitor fluid intake.
d) Avoid the use of calcium supplements.
e) Monitor output.
a, b, c, e
A pt. gained 10 lbs. in 2 days. It is determined that the weight gain is caused by fluid retention. The nurse correctly estimates the weight gain may be equivalent to approximately how much fluid?
a) 2 L
b) 4 L
c) 10 L
d) 11 L
b) 4 L
Definition:
Solutions that contain protein or other large molecular substances that increase osmolarity without dissolving in the solution.
Colloids
Definition:
Solutions that contain fluids and electrolytes and are able to freely cross the capillary walls.
Crystalloids
Definition:
Substances that separate or dissociate into ions (charged particles) in a solution; they are abundant in both ICF and ECF.
Electrolytes
Definition:
Fluid contains more particles than water.
Hyperosmolar
Definition:
Fluid contains fewer particles than water.
Hypo-osmolar
Definition:
Solutions that exert less osmotic pressure than ECF, which allows water to move into the cell.
Hypotonic
Definition:
Fluid that has the same proportion of weight of particles and water.
Iso-osmolar
Definition:
Solutions that have the same approximate osmolality as ECF or plasma. Water does not enter or leave the cell.
Isotonic
Definition:
Solutions that exert greater osmotic pressure than ECF, resulting in a higher solute concentration than the serum.
Hypertonic
Definition:
The number of solutes in a solution; a unit of measurement.
Osmole
Definition:
The number of osmoles per kilogram of water. Expressed as mmol/kg or mOsm/kg.
Osmolality
Definition:
The number of osmoles in 1 L of solution; Expressed as mmol/L or mOsm/L.
Osmolarity
Definition:
a measurement of the concentration of IV solutions compared with the osmolality of body fluids.
Tonicity
Plasma, the liquid constituent of blood, is correctly identified as which of the following?
a) interstitial fluid
b) Intravascular fluid
c) Intracellular fluid
d) 40% of total body fluid
b) Intravascular fluid
The movement of the solvent water from an area of lesser solute concentration to an area of greater solute concentration until equilibrium is esablished is known as:
a) Osmosis
b) Diffusion
c) Active Transport
d) Filtration
a) Osmosis
Which of the following would the nurse use as the most reliable indicator of a patient’s fluid balance status?
a) intake and output
b) skin turgor
c) complete blood count
d) daily weight
d) daily weight
A patient is encouraged to increase her fluid intake. Which measure would be most effective for the nurse to implement?
a) Explaining the mechanisms involved in transporting fluids to and from intracellular compartments.
b) Keeping fluids readily available for the patient.
c) Emphasizing the long-term outcomes of increasing fluids when she returns home.
d) Planning to offer most daily fluids in the evening.
b) Keeping fluids readily available for the patient.
Which of the following is the most common etiologic factor related to the nursing diagnosis of Excess Fluid Volume?
a) Increased need for fluids secondary to fever
b) Abnormal fluid loss from vomiting
c) Excessive IV infusion
d) Decreased fluid intake secondary to depression.
c) Excessive IV infusion
While administering a blood transfusion, when would the nurse assess the patient for a blood transfusion reaction?
a) 15 minutes after infusion is started.
b) After the blood is all infused.
c) Every hour
d) Every 15 minutes.
d) the nurse should monitor the patient every 15 minutes.
Types of dehydration:
This type occurs when electrolyte and water deficits are present in balanced proportions (sodium and water are lost in equal amounts). Serum sodium remains in normal limits (130-150 mEq/L). This is the MOST COMMON type of dehydration. Hypovolemic shock is the greatest concern,
Isotonic dehydration
Type of Dehydration:
This type occurs when the electrolyte deficit exceeds the water deficit. Serum sodium concentration is
Hypotonic dehydration
Type of Dehydration:
This type is the most dangerous type and occurs when water loss is in excess of electrolyte loss. Sodium serum concentration is >150 mEq/L. Seizures are likely to occur.
Hypertonic dehydration
