Fluid Therapy Notes

Question 1

What are the 3 Phases of fluid therapy?

Answer 1

1) Resuscitation Phase
2) Replacement Phase
3) Maintenance Phase

Question 2

Resuscitation phase:

Answer 2

• Aimed at restoring of vascular volume in an effort to reverse Hypovolemia &/or Shock rate

Question 3

What is the Shock Dose?

Answer 3

Crystalloids 
Isotonic 
Dog : 80-90 ml/kg
Cats: 40-60 ml/kg
Hypertonic
Dog: 5ml/kg
Cat: 3ml/kg 

Synthetic Colloid
Dogs: 20-30 ml/kg
Cats: 10-15 ml/kg

Question 4

Replacement Phase:

Answer 4

Involves correction of dehydration, replacement of ongoing losses, & provisions of maintenance fluid requirements.

Question 5

What is the dose for replacement fluid?

Answer 5

Dogs: 132BW (Kg) (3/4)
Cats: 80 BW (Kg) (3/4)

Question 6

Maintenance Phase:

Answer 6

For pts that present w/out dehydration or ongoing losses & are unwilling or unable to drink adequately on their own.

Question 7

Maintenance Fluid Rate:

Answer 7

Crystalloids 60 ml/kg/day
Colloids:
Hetastarch 20ml/kg/day
Vetastarch 50ml/kg/day

Question 8

What routes for fluid therapy administration are used:

Answer 8

• IV (Intravenous)
• SQ/SC (subcutaneous)
• IO (Intraosseous, Intramedullary)
• Enteral (via nasogastric tube) - more common in Lg animal.

Question 9

What are signs of Hypokalemia (Low Potassium Levels) ?

Answer 9

• Polyuria (PU) - Increased Urinating
• Polydipsia (PD) - Increased Thirst
• Muscle Weakness
• Cardiovascular Signs (ventricular & supra ventricular arrhythmias)

Question 10

Conditions that can cause hypokalemia:

Answer 10

• Chronic Renal Failure
• Post-obstructive Diuresis
• Dialysis
• Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing Dz)
• Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
• Hyperaldosteronism

Question 11

To avoid adverse cardiac effects, what rate should potassium be administered?

Answer 11

Potassium should not be administered IV at a rate faster than 0.5mEQ/kg/hr (potassium max)

Question 12

Why is it recommended that dextrose be diluted 1:1 (to a 25% solution) ?

Answer 12

It is recommended that dextrose be diluted to avoid phlebitis.

Question 13

What main concern would we have from overload of the left side of the heart?

Answer 13

Pulmonary edema

Question 14

Dehydration Replacement Volume Formula:

Answer 14

Kg x % (as decimal) x 1000= _______ml

Question 15

What is Anuria?

Answer 15

No urine

Question 16

What is Oliguria?

Answer 16

Small amount of urine

Question 17

Clinical signs of volume overload?

Answer 17

Restlessness
Increase in RR
SQ Edema
Vomiting 
Increase urine output
Exophthalmos (bulging of eyes)

Question 18

Monitor of status of hydration and fluid therapy:

Answer 18

Check skin turgor 
Thoracic auscultation 
Wt changes
Hematocrit  (PCV) 
Total protein (TP)