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Small Animal Nursing > Fluid therapy and Transfusion medicine > Flashcards

Fluid therapy and Transfusion medicine Flashcards

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1
Q

FFP

A

fresh frozen plasma

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2
Q

What is an example of an insensible loss?

A

Fluid lost through respiration

cannot be measured like urine, diarrhea or vomiting

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3
Q

You are monitoring a dog who received an emergency transfusion 1 day ago. Now, before the next transfusion, you are directed to conduct a MAJOR crossmatch. You understand that this test will help detect:

A

Agglutination reaction between the donor’s RBCs and the recipient’s plasma.

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4
Q

Which of the following is NOT a sign of fluid volume overload:
* Tachypnea
* Restlessness
* Serous nasal discharge
* Dry mucous membranes

A

dry mucous membranes

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5
Q

In an anticoagulant preservative (APS), which component is the actual anticoagulant?

A

citrate

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6
Q

Which of the following is a colloid solution?
* pRBCs
* NSR
* P-lyte
* LRS

A

pRBCs

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7
Q

What is the MAIN goal of the resuscitation phase of fluid therapy?

A

Restore vascular volume and tissue perfusion

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8
Q

The majority of domestic short-hair cats in the United States have what blood type?

A

Type A

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9
Q

Dr requests 15 mEq of KCl be added to one liter of P-lyte. If the concentration of KCl is 20 mEq/10 mL, how many milliliters will you add to the liter of P-lyte?

A

7.5 mL

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10
Q

One of the best physical signs to assess changes in hydration and body water is through frequent monitoring of the patient’s

A

Body weight

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11
Q

Which of the following fluids is a hypotonic solution?
* 0.9% NaCl
* D5W
* Normosol-R
* Hetastarch

A

D5W

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12
Q

The higher the hematocrit and total protein values, the greater the degree of

A

Dehydration

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13
Q

Cats have naturally occurring circulating alloantibodies, thus a type-B cat receiving a blood transfusion from a type-A cat could result in a severe, potentially fatal hemolytic transfusion reaction. (t/f)

A

true

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14
Q

Fluid therapy device used to decrease the risk of fluid overload?

A

Buretrol / burette

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15
Q

KCI is a fluid additive for which common treatment

A

hypokalemia

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16
Q

Dextrose is a common fluid additive for which common treatment

A

hypoglycemia

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17
Q

Metoclopramide (reglan) is a fluid addtive for which common treatment

A

Prokinetic or nausea

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18
Q

Sodium bicarb is used for which common treatment

A

acidosis

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19
Q

lidocaine is added for which common treatment

A

arrhythmias

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20
Q

PRP

A

platlet rich plasma

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21
Q

Canine blood types are preceded by the letters “DEA.” What do those letters stand for?

A

Dog erythrocyte antigen

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22
Q

What is the name of the device (instrument) used to measure CVP (Central Venous Pressure)?

A

Manometer

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23
Q

How do veterinarians and technicians differ in their approaches to nursing?

A

Veterinarians have a disease focused approach and technicians have a patient focused approach

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24
Q

Which of the following can be used to control the fluid-flow rate from the fluid bag through the IV-administration drip-set to the venous IV-line?

A

The roll clamp

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25
Q

A capillary refill time (CRT) of _________ is considered normal for dogs and cats.

A

< 2 seconds

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26
Q

The __________is the most commonly used blood vessel for intravenous fluid therapy.

A

Cephalic vein

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27
Q

Which of the following is a colloid solution?

A

Hetastarch

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28
Q

What is the last step in the cyclical nursing process?

A

Re-evaluating the patient for response

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29
Q

Which level of dehydration is considered undetectable?

A

< 5 %

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30
Q

All of the following are monitored for with IVC complications, except

A

inspect insertion site every 3 -5 days

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31
Q

Fluid plans are generally calculated to be carried out over what time period?

A

24 hrs

32
Q

If not set up correctly, the fluid bag and administration set can become contaminated.(t/f)

A

true

33
Q

The compilation of information on a patient - such as PE results, medical Hx, attending veterinarian input, and diagnostic test results - is collectively considered the

A

database

34
Q

How much fluid is lost in an 84 kg St. Bernard if it is assessed to be 6% dehydrated?

A

5 L

35
Q

How often should the location of a central IV-catheter be changed?
You Answered

A

5-7 days

36
Q

Medical term for bloody diarrhea?

A

Hematochezia

37
Q

Which intervention is beneficial when 20% of blood is collected from an animal ?

A

Administer 20 to 40 ml of crystalloid fluid IV

38
Q

What is the purpose of a carboy

A

It helps to administer large amounts of nosterile enteral fluid to a horse

39
Q

what is the shelf life of cryoprecipitate

A

12 months

40
Q

The values of TP present in 4 different animals are given below. Which animal requires a plasma transfusion in order to make plasma as colloid support?

Animal 1: 2 g/dL
2: 5 g/dL
3: 8 g/dL
4: 11 g/dL

A

1

41
Q

A dog has a head injury. Which crystalloid is administered in order to lower intracranial pressure by drawing out the cerebral interstitial fluid ?

A

23% Sodium Chloride (Nacl )

42
Q

How many days are required for the development of RBCs antibodies in a horse after a blood transfusion ?

A

7 days

43
Q

Which drug administered before a blood trasnfusion helps to prevent fever as a complication

A

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

44
Q

What is the use of a “Christmas tree” adaptor during the administration of enteral fluids in a horse?

A

Connects the nasogastric tube to the fluid line

45
Q

What condition may be caused by the administration of excess subcutaneous fluid into one spot for an animal with renal failure?

A

Pressure necrosis

46
Q

Which ages are within the ideal age range of a feline blood donor?

A

1- 7 years

47
Q

Which route of administration is preferred when treating large colon impaction in an animal?

A

Enteral

48
Q

Which crystalloid is administered to an animal with low blood pH

A

Balanced electrolyte solution (BES)

49
Q

what is the appropriate rate of blood transfusion for a cat weighing 5 kg wih congestive heart failure

A

10 ml/hr

50
Q

What is an appropriate duration for fresh whole blood transfusion in an animal

A

2 hrs

51
Q

Which vaccines should be administered to an equine blood donor before blood donation

A

Tetanus, WNV, Rhinopneumonitis

52
Q

When is the IV route recommended for the admnistration of fluids

A

During resuscitation, during intraoperative fluid therapy and when an animal is anesthetized

53
Q

Which clinical conditions can be treated by performing plasma transfusion

A

coagulopathy and hypoalbuminemia

54
Q

What is the recommended amount of blood that can be collected from a dog weighing 26 kg

A

425 mL

13-17 mL/kg rec. max, 17 mL/kg x 26

55
Q

What would be the possible reason, apart from bacterial infection for an animal to develop sloughing skin after the SQ administration of fluids ?

A

Due to the administration of greater than 2.5% dextrose

56
Q

What blood Vol of blood plasma can be collected from a horse weighing 460 kg

A

9 L

16 x 460

57
Q

Which crystalloid solutions should be administered to an animal with heart disease and hypernatremia ?

A

5% dextrose in water and 0.45% sodium chloride

58
Q

which findings indicate that blood loss is more than 30% in an animal and a blood loss is required

A

Tachypnea and Tachycardia

59
Q

Which clinical signs may be present in a horse with transfusion related acute lung injury

A

dyspnea, pulmonary crackles

60
Q

Which IV sites are used to place a catheter for routine fluid therapy or for correcting dehydration using constant rate infusion in a critically ill animal

A

Cephalic, lateral thoracic an later saphenous vein

61
Q

Which fluid is bst suited to replace deficits in an 18 yr old male poode with heart disease

A

0.45% sodium chloride

hypotonic best for heart disease patients

62
Q

Patients in hypovolemic shock are assumed to have lost approx 30% of their blood volume. what range represents this volume in canine patients

A

25-30 mL/kg

63
Q

What is an appropriate shock dose of hetastarch for a feline with a BW of 4 kg

A

60 ml

rec. 10-15 ml/kg
4 kg x 15 ml/kg = 60

64
Q

Which conditions are causitive factors for hypoglycemia

A

sepsis, starvation, addisons

65
Q

a cat with severe diarrhea and urinary loss has a serum potassium concentration of 3.4 mEq/L. what is the maximal fluid infusion rate that veterinary technician should maintain during the IV supplementation of potassium

A

18 mL /kg/hr

66
Q

every 1 ml of 7% Nacl solution increases vascular volume by 8 ml. how much 7% Nacl solution should be administered to a cat weighing 3 kg to achieve 16 ml.kg vascular volume during the resuscitation phase

A

6 ml

16 ml/8 = 2 ml. 2 ml/kg x 3 = 6 ml of 7% Nacl

67
Q

A canine weighing 23 kg is undergoing blood transfusion. what volume of blood should be transfused over the 20-30 min for this canine?

A

4 ml

blood transfusion rate is 0.3 ml/kg over 20-30 min

68
Q

what is the estimated blood volume for a horse with a body weight of 450 kg ?

A

36 L

estimated blood vol is 8%
450 kg
8/100 x 450

69
Q

which clinical signs does an animal exhibit if the serum potassium values are less then 3.0 mEq/ L

A

Muscle weakness
excessive passage of urine
decreased ability to concentrate urine

70
Q

what is the total bicarbonate deficit if a 5.2 kg patient has a base deficit of 4 ?

A

6.24

formula : 0.3 x BW = deficit
4 x 0.3 x 5.2

71
Q

what is the daily fluid maintence requirement value calculated on the allometric scale for a cat with a bw of 6 kg

A

13 ml/hr

80 x BW kg (3/4)

72
Q

what is the hourly fluid maintence rate value calculated on the allometric scale for a dog with a bw of 28 kg

A

67 ml/hr

132 x BW kg ^(3/4)
28 x

73
Q

Which DEA antigens have been shown to be the most immunogenic and therefore the most important in canine transfusion medicine

A

1.1, 1.2, 1.7

74
Q

Which diseases should be abesent in a cat chosen for blood donation

A

Bartonellosis and hemoplasmosis

75
Q

Which clinical signs are associated with hypokalemia

A

PU/PD and respiratory paralysis

76
Q

a prescribed fluid infusion rate is 180 ml/hr and the drip set has a delivery rating of 10 drops/ml. how often is one drop delivered

A

2 secs

180ml/hr x 1 hr/60 min x 10 drops/ml x = 30 / min 30/60 = 0.5

Small Animal Nursing (5 decks)

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