Fluid therapy and Transfusion medicine Flashcards
FFP
fresh frozen plasma
What is an example of an insensible loss?
Fluid lost through respiration
cannot be measured like urine, diarrhea or vomiting
You are monitoring a dog who received an emergency transfusion 1 day ago. Now, before the next transfusion, you are directed to conduct a MAJOR crossmatch. You understand that this test will help detect:
Agglutination reaction between the donor’s RBCs and the recipient’s plasma.
Which of the following is NOT a sign of fluid volume overload:
* Tachypnea
* Restlessness
* Serous nasal discharge
* Dry mucous membranes
dry mucous membranes
In an anticoagulant preservative (APS), which component is the actual anticoagulant?
citrate
Which of the following is a colloid solution?
* pRBCs
* NSR
* P-lyte
* LRS
pRBCs
What is the MAIN goal of the resuscitation phase of fluid therapy?
Restore vascular volume and tissue perfusion
The majority of domestic short-hair cats in the United States have what blood type?
Type A
Dr requests 15 mEq of KCl be added to one liter of P-lyte. If the concentration of KCl is 20 mEq/10 mL, how many milliliters will you add to the liter of P-lyte?
7.5 mL
One of the best physical signs to assess changes in hydration and body water is through frequent monitoring of the patient’s
Body weight
Which of the following fluids is a hypotonic solution?
* 0.9% NaCl
* D5W
* Normosol-R
* Hetastarch
D5W
The higher the hematocrit and total protein values, the greater the degree of
Dehydration
Cats have naturally occurring circulating alloantibodies, thus a type-B cat receiving a blood transfusion from a type-A cat could result in a severe, potentially fatal hemolytic transfusion reaction. (t/f)
true
Fluid therapy device used to decrease the risk of fluid overload?
Buretrol / burette
KCI is a fluid additive for which common treatment
hypokalemia
Dextrose is a common fluid additive for which common treatment
hypoglycemia
Metoclopramide (reglan) is a fluid addtive for which common treatment
Prokinetic or nausea
Sodium bicarb is used for which common treatment
acidosis
lidocaine is added for which common treatment
arrhythmias
PRP
platlet rich plasma
Canine blood types are preceded by the letters “DEA.” What do those letters stand for?
Dog erythrocyte antigen
What is the name of the device (instrument) used to measure CVP (Central Venous Pressure)?
Manometer
How do veterinarians and technicians differ in their approaches to nursing?
Veterinarians have a disease focused approach and technicians have a patient focused approach
Which of the following can be used to control the fluid-flow rate from the fluid bag through the IV-administration drip-set to the venous IV-line?
The roll clamp
A capillary refill time (CRT) of _________ is considered normal for dogs and cats.
< 2 seconds
The __________is the most commonly used blood vessel for intravenous fluid therapy.
Cephalic vein
Which of the following is a colloid solution?
Hetastarch
What is the last step in the cyclical nursing process?
Re-evaluating the patient for response
Which level of dehydration is considered undetectable?
< 5 %
All of the following are monitored for with IVC complications, except
inspect insertion site every 3 -5 days
Fluid plans are generally calculated to be carried out over what time period?
24 hrs
If not set up correctly, the fluid bag and administration set can become contaminated.(t/f)
true
The compilation of information on a patient - such as PE results, medical Hx, attending veterinarian input, and diagnostic test results - is collectively considered the
database
How much fluid is lost in an 84 kg St. Bernard if it is assessed to be 6% dehydrated?
5 L
How often should the location of a central IV-catheter be changed?
You Answered
5-7 days
Medical term for bloody diarrhea?
Hematochezia
Which intervention is beneficial when 20% of blood is collected from an animal ?
Administer 20 to 40 ml of crystalloid fluid IV
What is the purpose of a carboy
It helps to administer large amounts of nosterile enteral fluid to a horse
what is the shelf life of cryoprecipitate
12 months
The values of TP present in 4 different animals are given below. Which animal requires a plasma transfusion in order to make plasma as colloid support?
Animal 1: 2 g/dL
2: 5 g/dL
3: 8 g/dL
4: 11 g/dL
1
A dog has a head injury. Which crystalloid is administered in order to lower intracranial pressure by drawing out the cerebral interstitial fluid ?
23% Sodium Chloride (Nacl )
How many days are required for the development of RBCs antibodies in a horse after a blood transfusion ?
7 days
Which drug administered before a blood trasnfusion helps to prevent fever as a complication
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
What is the use of a “Christmas tree” adaptor during the administration of enteral fluids in a horse?
Connects the nasogastric tube to the fluid line
What condition may be caused by the administration of excess subcutaneous fluid into one spot for an animal with renal failure?
Pressure necrosis
Which ages are within the ideal age range of a feline blood donor?
1- 7 years
Which route of administration is preferred when treating large colon impaction in an animal?
Enteral
Which crystalloid is administered to an animal with low blood pH
Balanced electrolyte solution (BES)
what is the appropriate rate of blood transfusion for a cat weighing 5 kg wih congestive heart failure
10 ml/hr
What is an appropriate duration for fresh whole blood transfusion in an animal
2 hrs
Which vaccines should be administered to an equine blood donor before blood donation
Tetanus, WNV, Rhinopneumonitis
When is the IV route recommended for the admnistration of fluids
During resuscitation, during intraoperative fluid therapy and when an animal is anesthetized
Which clinical conditions can be treated by performing plasma transfusion
coagulopathy and hypoalbuminemia
What is the recommended amount of blood that can be collected from a dog weighing 26 kg
425 mL
13-17 mL/kg rec. max, 17 mL/kg x 26
What would be the possible reason, apart from bacterial infection for an animal to develop sloughing skin after the SQ administration of fluids ?
Due to the administration of greater than 2.5% dextrose
What blood Vol of blood plasma can be collected from a horse weighing 460 kg
9 L
16 x 460
Which crystalloid solutions should be administered to an animal with heart disease and hypernatremia ?
5% dextrose in water and 0.45% sodium chloride
which findings indicate that blood loss is more than 30% in an animal and a blood loss is required
Tachypnea and Tachycardia
Which clinical signs may be present in a horse with transfusion related acute lung injury
dyspnea, pulmonary crackles
Which IV sites are used to place a catheter for routine fluid therapy or for correcting dehydration using constant rate infusion in a critically ill animal
Cephalic, lateral thoracic an later saphenous vein
Which fluid is bst suited to replace deficits in an 18 yr old male poode with heart disease
0.45% sodium chloride
hypotonic best for heart disease patients
Patients in hypovolemic shock are assumed to have lost approx 30% of their blood volume. what range represents this volume in canine patients
25-30 mL/kg
What is an appropriate shock dose of hetastarch for a feline with a BW of 4 kg
60 ml
rec. 10-15 ml/kg
4 kg x 15 ml/kg = 60
Which conditions are causitive factors for hypoglycemia
sepsis, starvation, addisons
a cat with severe diarrhea and urinary loss has a serum potassium concentration of 3.4 mEq/L. what is the maximal fluid infusion rate that veterinary technician should maintain during the IV supplementation of potassium
18 mL /kg/hr
every 1 ml of 7% Nacl solution increases vascular volume by 8 ml. how much 7% Nacl solution should be administered to a cat weighing 3 kg to achieve 16 ml.kg vascular volume during the resuscitation phase
6 ml
16 ml/8 = 2 ml. 2 ml/kg x 3 = 6 ml of 7% Nacl
A canine weighing 23 kg is undergoing blood transfusion. what volume of blood should be transfused over the 20-30 min for this canine?
4 ml
blood transfusion rate is 0.3 ml/kg over 20-30 min
what is the estimated blood volume for a horse with a body weight of 450 kg ?
36 L
estimated blood vol is 8%
450 kg
8/100 x 450
which clinical signs does an animal exhibit if the serum potassium values are less then 3.0 mEq/ L
Muscle weakness
excessive passage of urine
decreased ability to concentrate urine
what is the total bicarbonate deficit if a 5.2 kg patient has a base deficit of 4 ?
6.24
formula : 0.3 x BW = deficit
4 x 0.3 x 5.2
what is the daily fluid maintence requirement value calculated on the allometric scale for a cat with a bw of 6 kg
13 ml/hr
80 x BW kg (3/4)
what is the hourly fluid maintence rate value calculated on the allometric scale for a dog with a bw of 28 kg
67 ml/hr
132 x BW kg ^(3/4)
28 x
Which DEA antigens have been shown to be the most immunogenic and therefore the most important in canine transfusion medicine
1.1, 1.2, 1.7
Which diseases should be abesent in a cat chosen for blood donation
Bartonellosis and hemoplasmosis
Which clinical signs are associated with hypokalemia
PU/PD and respiratory paralysis
a prescribed fluid infusion rate is 180 ml/hr and the drip set has a delivery rating of 10 drops/ml. how often is one drop delivered
2 secs
180ml/hr x 1 hr/60 min x 10 drops/ml x = 30 / min 30/60 = 0.5
