Fluid therapy Flashcards
What is osmolarity?
Osmoles of solute per litre of solution
i.e. how much sugar in 1 litre of coffee
What is osmolality?
Osmoles of solute per kg of solvent
i.e. grams of sugar dissolved in kg of coffee
What is tonicity?
Measure of osmotic pressure gradient between 2 solutions
What proportion of the body’s fluid is intra and extra cellular?
2/3 intra
1/3 extra
What is the body’s fluid requirement?
25-30ml/kg/day
What is the body’s Na+ requirement?
1-2mmol/kg/day
What is the body’s K+ requirement?
0.5-1mmol/kg/day
What is h body’s glucose requirement?
50-100g/day
What are the signs and symptoms of hypovolaemia?
Nausea Thirst Flat veins Cool peripheries No swat Concentrate oliguria Low BP
What are the signs and symptoms of hypervolaemia?
Breathless Distended veins Warm, oedematous veins Sweaty High BP and HR Dilute urine
What is the treatment of hypervolaemia?
Watchful waiting
Possible diuretics
If anuric- haemofiltration
What are the 4 Rs of fluid prescription?
Resus
Routine maintenance
Replacement
Reassessment
What is the advice for fluids in shock?
500ml bolus then reassess
What are the types of sensible losses?
Catheters, drain
Vomit
Sputum
Stool
What are the types of insensible losses?
Sweat Ventilation Open wounds Burns Bleeding
What are the types of fluid?
Dextrose
Crystalloid
Colloid
When are crystalloids used?
Acute dehydration
AKI
Resus
Sepsis
When are crystalloids not used?
Hypernatraemia
Whenare colloids used?
Liver patients
Intra operative
Bleeding
What is the most common colloid used?
Blood
