Fluid Therapy Flashcards
Why would an animals require fluid therapy?
Replacement of lost fluids:
- Blood loss
- Dehydration
- Excessive urination
- V/D
Maintenance of fluid needs:
- Homestasis
Total body water accounts of how much of total body weight?
60%
Why do animals with azotaemia require fluid therapy?
As a means of increasing GFR
What do crystalloid fluid contain?
Water Electrolytes: - Sodium - Chloride - Potassium - Magnesium - Calcium ± Buffers - Lactate - Citrate ± Dextrose
Where can crystalloid fluids be administered and how do they distribute?
PO, IV, SQ, IO, IP
Distributes equally among all fluid compartments
What do synthetic colloid fluids contain?
Water Electrolytes: - Sodium - Chloride ± Buffers: - Lactate - Citrate
What are the function of synthetic colloids?
Generated colloid osmotic pressure
Delays equilibration of fluid with other compartments, useful for resuscitation of IV fluids
Complications - fluid overload and coagulopathy
What is parenateral nutrition?
Fluids containing a mixture of amino acids, dextrose and lipids.
Provides energy and building blocks for protein synthesis.
Give 3 examples of crystalloid fluids.
0.9% NaCl
Hartmann’s
Half strength saline (0.45%)
List 6 examples of colloids…
Hetastarch Pentastarch Tetrastarch Gelofusine Dextrans Oxyglobin
What are the 3 classifications of tonicity?
Isotonic = same as blood Hypertonic = higher than blood Hypotonic = less than blood
How does tonicity determine fluid distribution?
Isotonic fluid IV - distributed equally amongst all compartments
Hypertonic IV - draws fluid from intracellular and interstitial compartments to intravascular compartment
Hypotonic fluid administered IV - fluid shifts to the intracellular compartment - cellular oedema
List 3 hypertonic fluids
3% and 7% saline
20% Mannitol
50% dextrose
What are isotonic crystalloids used for?
Rehyrdation Resuscitation - hypovolaemia Correction of acid/base Deliver drugs Induce diuresis
What are the considerations for colloid use?
Require rapid resuscitation Want to increase COP Most colloids are isotonic Typically used in oedematous animals Doses 10-20ml/kg/day
