Fluid resuscitation Flashcards
1
Q
hypotension =
A
<90/60 mmHg OR >40mmHg off their normal
2
Q
why does hypotension happen in sepsis?
A
Toxins produced by bacteria induce cytokine release.
Increase Nitric Oxide production in vascular smooth muscle –> vasodilation.
Endothelial dysfunction (capillary leak) –> decreased intravascular volume
3
Q
Hypovolaemia signs
A
cool peripheries dry mucous membranes decreased JVP tachycardia Hypotension Skin turgor poor urine output
4
Q
serum lactate normal level
A
<1.8 mmol/l
5
Q
elevated lactate suggests ….
A
tissue hypoperfusion/ hypoxia
6
Q
In sepsis oliguria indicates ….
A
renal hypoperfusion (oliguria = less than 0.5ml/kg/hr)
7
Q
crystalloids example
A
normal saline solution (0.9% sodium chloride)
8
Q
initial resus fluid
A
500ml (or a litre) saline
+ check if there is stabilisation
Most require at least 2 litres to restore euvolaemia
