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Medical Physics > Fluid Mechanics > Flashcards

Fluid Mechanics Flashcards

1
Q

What is fluid mechanics?

A

The study of the behavior of fluids (liquids and gases) at rest and in motion.

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2
Q

True or False: Fluids can only be liquids.

A

False

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3
Q

What is the primary focus of medical physics in relation to fluid mechanics?

A

To understand the behavior of bodily fluids and their interactions within medical devices and systems.

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ principle states that an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure or potential energy.

A

Bernoulli

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5
Q

What does the term ‘viscosity’ refer to in fluid mechanics?

A

The measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow.

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6
Q

Multiple Choice: Which equation relates pressure, volume, and temperature in a fluid?

A

Ideal Gas Law

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7
Q

What is hydrostatic pressure?

A

The pressure exerted by a fluid at equilibrium due to the force of gravity.

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8
Q

True or False: Blood flow can be modeled as laminar or turbulent flow.

A

True

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9
Q

What is the significance of Poiseuille’s law in medical physics?

A

It describes the flow rate of a viscous fluid through a cylindrical pipe, important for understanding blood flow in vessels.

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ effect refers to the change in pressure when a fluid flows through a constricted section of pipe.

A

Venturi

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11
Q

What is the definition of turbulence in fluid mechanics?

A

A chaotic, irregular flow pattern characterized by eddies and vortices.

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12
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of flow?

A

Compressible flow

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13
Q

What is the role of surface tension in biological fluids?

A

It affects the shape and behavior of liquid interfaces, crucial for processes like capillary action in blood vessels.

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14
Q

True or False: The Reynolds number is a dimensionless quantity used to predict flow patterns in different fluid flow situations.

A

True

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15
Q

What is the formula for calculating the Reynolds number?

A

Re = (density * velocity * characteristic length) / viscosity

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16
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ principle is used in medical imaging techniques such as ultrasound.

A

Doppler

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17
Q

What is the primary function of the circulatory system related to fluid mechanics?

A

To transport blood, nutrients, and oxygen throughout the body.

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18
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following factors does NOT affect blood viscosity?

A

Temperature of the surrounding air

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19
Q

What is the role of the heart in fluid mechanics?

A

To act as a pump that generates pressure to circulate blood throughout the body.

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20
Q

True or False: All fluids are incompressible.

A

False

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21
Q

What is the significance of the Bernoulli equation in medical applications?

A

It helps in understanding blood flow dynamics and pressure changes in the cardiovascular system.

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22
Q

Fill in the blank: The study of blood flow in arteries and veins is an application of __________ mechanics.

A

fluid

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23
Q

What does the term ‘laminar flow’ describe?

A

A smooth, orderly fluid motion characterized by parallel layers of fluid.

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24
Q

Multiple Choice: Which condition can increase blood viscosity?

A

Dehydration

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25
Q

What is the primary challenge in designing medical devices that interact with fluids?

A

To ensure proper flow dynamics while avoiding turbulence and minimizing resistance.

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26
Q

True or False: Capillary action is a result of adhesion and cohesion in fluids.

A

True

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27
Q

What is the effect of increased arterial stiffness on blood flow?

A

It can lead to increased blood pressure and altered flow dynamics.

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28
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ of a fluid is the mass per unit volume.

A

density

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29
Q

What is the main purpose of a sphygmomanometer?

A

To measure blood pressure.

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30
Q

Multiple Choice: Which property of blood is crucial for oxygen transport?

A

Hemoglobin concentration

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31
Q

What is the importance of studying fluid dynamics in respiratory physiology?

A

To understand airflow in the lungs and optimize ventilation strategies.

32
Q

True or False: Fluid mechanics only applies to liquids and not gases.

33
Q

What is the relationship between flow rate and cross-sectional area in a vessel?

A

Flow rate is directly proportional to the cross-sectional area and the velocity of the fluid.

34
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ effect is utilized in medical ultrasound to measure blood flow velocity.

35
Q

What is the importance of understanding fluid shear stress in medical applications?

A

It helps in assessing the mechanical forces acting on blood cells and vessel walls.

36
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common application of fluid mechanics in medicine?

A

Designing artificial heart valves

37
Q

What is the effect of viscosity on blood flow in narrow capillaries?

A

Increased viscosity can lead to reduced flow rates.

38
Q

True or False: The human body is composed of incompressible fluids.

39
Q

What is the purpose of using stents in blood vessels?

A

To maintain vessel patency and improve blood flow.

40
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ describes the flow of blood during the cardiac cycle.

A

hemodynamics

41
Q

What is the significance of the compliance of blood vessels?

A

It determines how easily the vessels can expand and accommodate changes in blood volume.

42
Q

Multiple Choice: Which factor does NOT influence blood flow resistance?

A

Heart rate

43
Q

What is the significance of hydrostatic pressure in the human body?

A

It affects fluid distribution and exchange in tissues and organs.

44
Q

True or False: The heart generates pressure to overcome resistance in the vascular system.

45
Q

What is the relationship between flow velocity and pressure in a closed system?

A

An increase in flow velocity typically results in a decrease in pressure.

46
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ of a fluid is a measure of its ability to flow.

47
Q

What is the role of baroreceptors in the cardiovascular system?

A

To detect changes in blood pressure and help regulate it.

48
Q

Multiple Choice: Which medical imaging technique relies on the principles of fluid mechanics?

A

CT angiography

49
Q

What is the effect of dehydration on blood viscosity?

A

Dehydration increases blood viscosity, making it thicker and harder to flow.

50
Q

True or False: Blood is considered a non-Newtonian fluid.

51
Q

What is the purpose of using a flow cytometer in medical diagnostics?

A

To analyze the physical and chemical characteristics of cells in fluid.

52
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ principle is critical in the design of medical devices like catheters.

A

continuity

53
Q

What is the significance of understanding the flow of cerebrospinal fluid?

A

It is essential for diagnosing and treating neurological conditions.

54
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following best describes turbulent flow?

A

Chaotic and irregular

55
Q

What is the role of the lymphatic system in fluid mechanics?

A

To maintain fluid balance and transport immune cells throughout the body.

56
Q

True or False: The viscosity of blood decreases with increased shear rates.

57
Q

What is the primary factor that determines the resistance to blood flow in vessels?

A

The diameter of the blood vessels.

58
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ law describes how pressure changes with volume in a gas.

59
Q

What is the significance of the circulatory system’s design in fluid dynamics?

A

To optimize blood flow and minimize energy loss.

60
Q

Multiple Choice: Which condition can lead to increased vascular resistance?

A

Atherosclerosis

61
Q

What is the effect of gravity on fluid movement in the body?

A

It influences fluid distribution and pressure within the circulatory system.

62
Q

True or False: The flow of air in the respiratory system can be modeled using fluid mechanics principles.

63
Q

What is the importance of studying fluid mechanics in the context of anesthesia?

A

To ensure proper gas flow and delivery during surgical procedures.

64
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ principle is utilized in the design of blood pumps.

65
Q

What is the relationship between blood flow and metabolic demand?

A

Increased metabolic demand leads to increased blood flow to tissues.

66
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following tools is used to measure blood flow velocity?

A

Doppler ultrasound

67
Q

What is the role of nitric oxide in the cardiovascular system?

A

To act as a vasodilator, helping to regulate blood flow.

68
Q

True or False: The viscosity of a fluid is independent of its temperature.

69
Q

What is the significance of understanding the flow dynamics of intravenous fluids?

A

To ensure effective and safe administration of medications.

70
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ equation describes the conservation of mass in fluid flow.

A

continuity

71
Q

What is the role of albumin in blood?

A

To maintain osmotic pressure and fluid balance.

72
Q

Multiple Choice: Which factor primarily influences the flow of fluid through a narrow tube?

A

Radius of the tube

73
Q

What is the significance of studying fluid mechanics in relation to kidney function?

A

To understand how fluids are filtered and excreted in the body.

74
Q

True or False: The principles of fluid mechanics are only applicable in laboratory settings.

75
Q

What is the effect of increased blood pressure on capillary exchange?

A

It can enhance the filtration of fluids and solutes into tissues.

76
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the measure of the ability of a fluid to resist deformation.

77
Q

What is the primary function of the respiratory system related to fluid mechanics?

A

To facilitate gas exchange through the flow of air in the lungs.

Medical Physics (3 decks)

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