Fluid Mechanics Flashcards
What is fluid mechanics?
The study of the behavior of fluids (liquids and gases) at rest and in motion.
True or False: Fluids can only be liquids.
False
What is the primary focus of medical physics in relation to fluid mechanics?
To understand the behavior of bodily fluids and their interactions within medical devices and systems.
Fill in the blank: The __________ principle states that an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure or potential energy.
Bernoulli
What does the term ‘viscosity’ refer to in fluid mechanics?
The measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow.
Multiple Choice: Which equation relates pressure, volume, and temperature in a fluid?
Ideal Gas Law
What is hydrostatic pressure?
The pressure exerted by a fluid at equilibrium due to the force of gravity.
True or False: Blood flow can be modeled as laminar or turbulent flow.
True
What is the significance of Poiseuille’s law in medical physics?
It describes the flow rate of a viscous fluid through a cylindrical pipe, important for understanding blood flow in vessels.
Fill in the blank: The __________ effect refers to the change in pressure when a fluid flows through a constricted section of pipe.
Venturi
What is the definition of turbulence in fluid mechanics?
A chaotic, irregular flow pattern characterized by eddies and vortices.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of flow?
Compressible flow
What is the role of surface tension in biological fluids?
It affects the shape and behavior of liquid interfaces, crucial for processes like capillary action in blood vessels.
True or False: The Reynolds number is a dimensionless quantity used to predict flow patterns in different fluid flow situations.
True
What is the formula for calculating the Reynolds number?
Re = (density * velocity * characteristic length) / viscosity
Fill in the blank: The __________ principle is used in medical imaging techniques such as ultrasound.
Doppler
What is the primary function of the circulatory system related to fluid mechanics?
To transport blood, nutrients, and oxygen throughout the body.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following factors does NOT affect blood viscosity?
Temperature of the surrounding air
What is the role of the heart in fluid mechanics?
To act as a pump that generates pressure to circulate blood throughout the body.
True or False: All fluids are incompressible.
False
What is the significance of the Bernoulli equation in medical applications?
It helps in understanding blood flow dynamics and pressure changes in the cardiovascular system.
Fill in the blank: The study of blood flow in arteries and veins is an application of __________ mechanics.
fluid
What does the term ‘laminar flow’ describe?
A smooth, orderly fluid motion characterized by parallel layers of fluid.
Multiple Choice: Which condition can increase blood viscosity?
Dehydration
What is the primary challenge in designing medical devices that interact with fluids?
To ensure proper flow dynamics while avoiding turbulence and minimizing resistance.
True or False: Capillary action is a result of adhesion and cohesion in fluids.
True
What is the effect of increased arterial stiffness on blood flow?
It can lead to increased blood pressure and altered flow dynamics.
Fill in the blank: The __________ of a fluid is the mass per unit volume.
density
What is the main purpose of a sphygmomanometer?
To measure blood pressure.
Multiple Choice: Which property of blood is crucial for oxygen transport?
Hemoglobin concentration
What is the importance of studying fluid dynamics in respiratory physiology?
To understand airflow in the lungs and optimize ventilation strategies.
True or False: Fluid mechanics only applies to liquids and not gases.
False
What is the relationship between flow rate and cross-sectional area in a vessel?
Flow rate is directly proportional to the cross-sectional area and the velocity of the fluid.
Fill in the blank: The __________ effect is utilized in medical ultrasound to measure blood flow velocity.
Doppler
What is the importance of understanding fluid shear stress in medical applications?
It helps in assessing the mechanical forces acting on blood cells and vessel walls.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common application of fluid mechanics in medicine?
Designing artificial heart valves
What is the effect of viscosity on blood flow in narrow capillaries?
Increased viscosity can lead to reduced flow rates.
True or False: The human body is composed of incompressible fluids.
True
What is the purpose of using stents in blood vessels?
To maintain vessel patency and improve blood flow.
Fill in the blank: The __________ describes the flow of blood during the cardiac cycle.
hemodynamics
What is the significance of the compliance of blood vessels?
It determines how easily the vessels can expand and accommodate changes in blood volume.
Multiple Choice: Which factor does NOT influence blood flow resistance?
Heart rate
What is the significance of hydrostatic pressure in the human body?
It affects fluid distribution and exchange in tissues and organs.
True or False: The heart generates pressure to overcome resistance in the vascular system.
True
What is the relationship between flow velocity and pressure in a closed system?
An increase in flow velocity typically results in a decrease in pressure.
Fill in the blank: The __________ of a fluid is a measure of its ability to flow.
viscosity
What is the role of baroreceptors in the cardiovascular system?
To detect changes in blood pressure and help regulate it.
Multiple Choice: Which medical imaging technique relies on the principles of fluid mechanics?
CT angiography
What is the effect of dehydration on blood viscosity?
Dehydration increases blood viscosity, making it thicker and harder to flow.
True or False: Blood is considered a non-Newtonian fluid.
True
What is the purpose of using a flow cytometer in medical diagnostics?
To analyze the physical and chemical characteristics of cells in fluid.
Fill in the blank: The __________ principle is critical in the design of medical devices like catheters.
continuity
What is the significance of understanding the flow of cerebrospinal fluid?
It is essential for diagnosing and treating neurological conditions.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following best describes turbulent flow?
Chaotic and irregular
What is the role of the lymphatic system in fluid mechanics?
To maintain fluid balance and transport immune cells throughout the body.
True or False: The viscosity of blood decreases with increased shear rates.
True
What is the primary factor that determines the resistance to blood flow in vessels?
The diameter of the blood vessels.
Fill in the blank: The __________ law describes how pressure changes with volume in a gas.
Boyle’s
What is the significance of the circulatory system’s design in fluid dynamics?
To optimize blood flow and minimize energy loss.
Multiple Choice: Which condition can lead to increased vascular resistance?
Atherosclerosis
What is the effect of gravity on fluid movement in the body?
It influences fluid distribution and pressure within the circulatory system.
True or False: The flow of air in the respiratory system can be modeled using fluid mechanics principles.
True
What is the importance of studying fluid mechanics in the context of anesthesia?
To ensure proper gas flow and delivery during surgical procedures.
Fill in the blank: The __________ principle is utilized in the design of blood pumps.
Bernoulli
What is the relationship between blood flow and metabolic demand?
Increased metabolic demand leads to increased blood flow to tissues.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following tools is used to measure blood flow velocity?
Doppler ultrasound
What is the role of nitric oxide in the cardiovascular system?
To act as a vasodilator, helping to regulate blood flow.
True or False: The viscosity of a fluid is independent of its temperature.
False
What is the significance of understanding the flow dynamics of intravenous fluids?
To ensure effective and safe administration of medications.
Fill in the blank: The __________ equation describes the conservation of mass in fluid flow.
continuity
What is the role of albumin in blood?
To maintain osmotic pressure and fluid balance.
Multiple Choice: Which factor primarily influences the flow of fluid through a narrow tube?
Radius of the tube
What is the significance of studying fluid mechanics in relation to kidney function?
To understand how fluids are filtered and excreted in the body.
True or False: The principles of fluid mechanics are only applicable in laboratory settings.
False
What is the effect of increased blood pressure on capillary exchange?
It can enhance the filtration of fluids and solutes into tissues.
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the measure of the ability of a fluid to resist deformation.
viscosity
What is the primary function of the respiratory system related to fluid mechanics?
To facilitate gas exchange through the flow of air in the lungs.
