fluid mechanics Flashcards

1
Q

fluid?

A

particles move freely, not solid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

flotation

A

maintain a stationary position on the surface of the water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

buoyant force

buoyancy

A

weight of person acting on the water

force that lifts upwards, against gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

archimedes principle

A

the buoyant force is equal to the weight of water a person displaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

to float

A

weight must be less than (or equal to)
the maximum buoyant force
OR
the

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

specific gravity

A

measure of the density of an object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

positively buoyant

A

float, body density < water density

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

conditional floaters

A

float when have inspired air in lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

centre of buoyancy

A

rotation of axis in water, centre of volume of body displacing the water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

COB, COG don’t line up

A

torque will be created, rotation will occur

must be aligned vertically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

relative motion

A

e.g. water skiier, water looks like its moving past them
person standing on beach, it looks like the person is moving
can also apply to balls in the air, sidewinds, and wind in general

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

drag force (def)

A

force exerted by a fluid, reduces speed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

types of drag

A

surface
profile or form
wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

surface drag

A

rub against skin
Dependant on-
velocity of flow
surface area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

profile or form drag

A

turbulent flow conditions behind object

dependant on shape of the body and the cross sectional area of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

turbulence =

A

low pressure zone

17
Q

wave drag

A

interface between two fluids, causes waves
biggest impact on athletes travelling at high speeds
dependant on speed of the swimmer and vertical movement

18
Q

boundary layer

A

carries fluid on surface

region of relative motion between adjacent particles

19
Q

boundary layer separation

A

slow speed = laminar or streamline

relative flow increases = separation, turbulence

20
Q

reynolds number

A
characterises the flow as either laminar or turbulent
dependant on 
velocity
diameter of sphere
density/ viscosity of fluid
21
Q

R > 200,000:

A

fully turbulent flow (boundary layer)

22
Q

R (approx) 200,000

A

transition to type III flow

critical layer- boundary layer becomes turbulent, sticks back, decrease the amount of profile drag (around 60%)

23
Q

1

A

turbulent wake, surface + form drag, type II

24
Q

R < 1

A

type I, laminar flow, surface drag

25
Q

increasing temp impacts viscosity (how)

A

gasses, increase

liquids, decrease

26
Q

what happens to the density of air

when you increase, P, temp, humidity

A
p = increase air density
temp = decreases air density
humidity = decreases air density
27
Q

bernoulli’s principle

A

flow velocity fast = low pressure

force directed from high to low pressures

28
Q

fluid lift force

A

acting at right angles to drag

29
Q

angle of attack

A

main plane of direction and flow direction

30
Q

stall angle

A

if the angle of attack becomes too large, too much drag

31
Q

angle of release/projection

A

COG from horizontal, at release

32
Q

angle of attitude

A

main plane of the object and the ground

33
Q

centre of pressure

A

the point where the lift and drag (resultant force) act of the object

34
Q

magnus effect

A

ball moves to low pressure side, faster velocity

depends on the ratio between SRS and the linear speed of the ball

35
Q

SRS (surface rotation speed)

A

rotation rate x radius of sphere,