Fluid Management Flashcards
1
Q
How can you assess fluid status in a dehydrated patient?
A
- Dry mucous membranes and reduced skin turgor
- Decreased urine output (should be over 0.5ml/kg/hr)
- Orthostatic hypotension
- Increased CRT, tachycardia, low BP
2
Q
How can you assess fluid status in a fluid overloaded patient?
A
- Raised JVP
- Peripheral or sacral oedema
- Pulmonary oedema
3
Q
What two charts should you ask the nurses to commence when assessing fluid status?
A
- Daily weight
2. Fluid input-output chart
4
Q
What is the daily requirement of water per day for a NMB patient?
A
25ml/kg/day
5
Q
What is the daily requirement of Na+ and K+ per day for a NMB patient?
A
1mmol/kg/day
6
Q
What is the daily requirement of glucose per day for a NMB patient?
A
50g/day
7
Q
What are the three purposes for prescribing fluids?
A
- Maintenance
- Resuscitation (reducing a deficit)
- Replacement (ongoing loss)
8
Q
What are potential causes of replacing ongoing losses?
A
- Third space losses (bowel lumen in bowel obstruction, retroperitoneal in pancreatitis)
- Diuresis
- Tachypnoeic or febrile
- Diarrhoea/high output stoma
- Losing electrolyte rich fluid (vomiting)
9
Q
What will a blood test show with dehydration?
A
- High urea:creatinine ratio
- High PCV
10
Q
What will electrolytes show in vomiting?
A
- Low K+
- Low Cl-
- Alkalosis
11
Q
What will electrolytes show in diarrhoea?
A
- Low K+
- Acidosis
