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Hallmark University > Fluid Lines and Fittings > Flashcards

Fluid Lines and Fittings Flashcards

1
Q

Define CRES

A

Corrosion Resistant Steel

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2
Q

What is the identification for commercially pure aluminum?

A

1100

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3
Q

Define FOD

A

Foreign Object Debris

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4
Q

What is steel tubing used for?

A

Used exclusively in high-pressure hydraulic systems for the operation of landing gear, flaps, brakes, and in fire zones. Steel lines are used where there is a risk of damage from FOD.

3000 PSI or more

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5
Q

What is titanium tubing used for?

A

Titanium 3AL-2.5V tubing and fitting is used extensively in transport category and high-performance aircraft hydraulic systems.

Above 1500 PSI

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6
Q

Titanium is ____% stronger and ____% lighter than steel.

A

30% stronger and 50% lighter

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7
Q

What system do you never use titanium tubing and fittings?

A

Do not use titanium tubing and fittings in any oxygen system assembly. Titanium and titanium alloys are oxygen reactive.

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8
Q

How is small aluminum tubing identified?

A

It is shown by a color code, not more than 4” in width, painted at the two ends and approximately midway between the ends of some tubing. When the band consists of two colors, one-half the width is used for each color.

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9
Q

How is metal tubing sized and measured?

A

Metal tubing is sized by outside diameter (OD), which is measured in sixteenths of an inch.

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10
Q

How is the wall thickness of metal tubing measured?

A

The wall thickness is measured in thousands of an inch.

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11
Q

How do you determine the inside diameter (ID) of a tube?

A

Subtract two times the wall thickness from the outside diameter.

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12
Q

What tools can be used to smooth out scratches, abrasions, or minor corrosion on the outside of metal tubing?

A

A burnishing tool or aluminum wool.

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13
Q

What are the processes used in tube forming?

A

Cutting, bending, flaring, and beading.

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14
Q

What tools can be used to cut rigid tubing?

A

A tube cutter or a fine-tooth hacksaw (preferably 32 teeth per inch).

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15
Q

When replacing tubing, how much longer should the length of the new tubing be compared to the old tubing?

A

10% longer.

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16
Q

How much flattening in the bends of rigid tubing is acceptable?

A

The small diameter of the flattened portion must not be less than 75% of the original outside diameter.

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17
Q

What kinds of flares are used in aircraft tubing?

A

Single flares and double flares.

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18
Q

What angle are flares used in aviation?

A

37°

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19
Q

What types of flaring tools are used to make flares on tubing?

A

The impact-type and rolling-type.

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20
Q

What type of flaring tool is used for soft copper, aluminum, and brass tubing?

A

A rolling-type flaring tool.

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21
Q

What type and diameters of tubing can a double flare be used on?

A

Soft aluminum alloy tubing 3/8” outside diameter and under.

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22
Q

What are the parts of a MS flareless fitting?

A

The body, sleeve, and nut.

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23
Q

The hand beading tool is used with tubing of what diameters?

A

Tubing of 1/4” to 1” outside diameter.

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24
Q

How are fluid lines in aircraft often identified?

A

By markers made up of color codes, words, and geometric symbols.

In most instances, fluid lines are marked with 1” tape or decals. On lines 4” in diameter or larger, lines in oily environments, hot lines, and on some cold lines, steel tags are used instead.

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25
Q

What additional identifying markings might be found on fluid lines?

A

Lines may be further identified regarding specific function within a system (drain, vent, pressure, or return).

Lines conveying fuel may be marked FLAM.
Lines containing toxic materials are marked TOXIC.
Lines containing physically dangerous materials, such as oxygen, nitrogen, or Freon, may be marked PHDAN.

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26
Q

Who is responsible for replacement of identification markers on fluid lines?

A

The aviation mechanic is responsible for the replacement when it becomes necessary.

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27
Q

What are the two different types of threads used in fittings?

A

Pipe threads and machine threads.

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28
Q

What are external threads and internal threads commonly called?

A

External threads are referred to as male threads and internal threads are female threads.

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29
Q

What are the important characteristics of pipe threads?

A

Pipe threads are tapered, both internal and external. When two fittings are joined, the thread taper forms a seal. Some form of pipe thread lubricant should be used to prevent seizing and high-pressure leakage.

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30
Q

Why are special lubricants used for fittings for oxygen systems?

A

Oxygen reacts with petroleum products and can ignite.

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31
Q

What are the important characteristics of machine threads?

A

Machine threads have no taper, and therefore no sealing capability. A flared tube connection, a crush washer, or a synthetic seal is used to make the connection fluid tight.

32
Q

When should a bulkhead fitting be used?

A

When a fluid line passes through a bulkhead and it is desired to secure the line to the bulkhead. The end of the fitting that passes through the bulkhead is longer than the other end(s), which allows a locknut to be installed, securing the fitting to the bulkhead.

33
Q

What are the parts of an AN flared fitting?

A

A flared tube fitting consists of a sleeve and a nut. It has no body (as seen with MS flareless fittings).

34
Q

What color are AN steel fittings?

A

Black

35
Q

What color are AN aluminum fittings?

A

Blue

36
Q

What is the appearance of AN aluminum bronze fittings?

A

Aluminum bronze fittings are cadmium plated and natural in appearance.

37
Q

What is an easy way to differentiate AN flared fittings and MS flareless fittings?

A

AN flared fittings have a cone at the end of the fitting while MS flareless fittings have a straight end.

38
Q

Why should fitting combinations of different alloys be avoided?

A

To prevent dissimilar metal corrosion.

39
Q

How are swaged fittings installed?

A

Swaged fittings are installed with portable hydraullicaly-powered tooling.

40
Q

What does the dash number seen in fitting identifications indicate?

A

The dash number is the size of the fitting in 16ths of an inch.

41
Q

What is a Cryofit fitting and how does it work?

A

Cryofit fittings are standard fittings with a cryogenic sleeve. The sleeve is manufactured 3% smaller, frozen in liquid nitrogen, and expanded to 5% larger than the line. As the fitting warms it contracts to it’s original size forming a permanent seal.

42
Q

How are Cryofit fittings removed?

A

Cryofit fittings can only be removed by cutting the tube at the sleeve.

43
Q

What is the memory shape alloy used in the sleeves of Cryofit fittings?

A

Tinel™

44
Q

For aluminum alloy tubing not at the heel of a bend, scratches or nicks of what size can be repaired by burnishing with hand tools?

A

Scratches or nicks no deeper than 10% of wall thickness.

45
Q

What size crack or deformity is acceptable in a flare?

A

Any crack or deformity in a flare is unacceptable and is cause for rejection.

46
Q

As long as it is not at the heel of a bend, what size dent is not objectionable?

A

A dent of less than 20%.

47
Q

Is it acceptable to install a length of rigid tubing with no bends? Why?

A

No, all tubing must have bends to permit the tubing to expand or contract under temperature changes and to absorb vibration.

48
Q

What is flexible hose used for in aircraft systems?

A

To connect moving parts with stationary parts in locations subject to vibration or where a great amount of flexibility is needed. It can also serve as a connector in metal tubing systems.

49
Q

What synthetic materials are commonly used in the manufacture of flexible hose?

A

Buna-N, neoprene, butyl, ethylene proplene diene rubber (EPDM), and Teflon™.

50
Q

What is Buna-N?

A

A synthetic rubber compound that has excellent resistance to petroleum products. Do not use for phosphate ester base hydraulc fluid (Skydrol™).

51
Q

What is Neoprene?

A

A synthetic rubber compound with an acetylene base. Its resistance to petroleum products is not as good as Buna-N, but it has better abrasive resistance. Do not use for phosphate ester base hydraulic fluid (Skydrol™).

52
Q

What is Butyl?

A

A synthetic rubber compound made from petroleum raw materials. It is an excellent material to use with phosphate ester base hydraulic fluid (Skydrol™). Do not use with petroleum products.

53
Q

What flexible hose materials can be used with petroleum products?

A

Buna-N, Neoprene, and Teflon™.

54
Q

What flexible hose materials can be used with phosphate ester base hydraulic fluid (Skydrol™)?

A

Butyl and Teflon™.

55
Q

What does a flexible rubber hose consist of?

A

A seamless rubber inner tube covered with layers of cotton braid, wire braid, and an outer layer of rubber-impregnated cotton braid.

56
Q

How often must a flexible fluid line be supported?

A

Every 24” (closer supports are desirable)

57
Q

How often must a rigid fluid line be supported?

A

Every 9”

58
Q

How are flexible hoses typically classified and what are the classifications used?

A

They are typically classified by the amount of pressure they are designed to withstand under normal operating conditions. The classifications are low, medium, and high pressure.

59
Q

Describe a low pressure flexible hose

A

Pressures below 250 psi. Fabric braid reinforcement.

60
Q

Describe a medium pressure flexible hose

A

Smaller sizes carry pressures up to 3000 psi. Larger sizes carry pressure up to 1500 psi. One wire braid reinforcement.

61
Q

Describe a high pressure flexible hose

A

Pressures up to 3000 psi (all sizes)

62
Q

How is hose suitable for use with phosphate ester base hydraulic fluid marrked?

A

Skydrol™ use.

63
Q

Teflon™ is the trade name for what?

A

Tetrafluoroethylene resin

64
Q

What types of flexible hose are suitable for use with phosphate ester base hydraulic fluid?

A

Butyl and Teflon™

65
Q

What types of flexible hose are suitable for use with petroleum products?

A

Buna-N, Neoprene, and Teflon™.

66
Q

How much slack should be included when installing flexible hose?

A

5% to 8% of total hose length.

67
Q

How does flexible hose change when pressurized?

A

It contracts in length and expands in diameter.

68
Q

What distance from end fittings must flexible hose remain straight when installed?

A

At least two hose diameters from the end fittings.

69
Q

What can be used to relieve twist stresses on flexible hose?

A

Swivel connections

70
Q

What is a rubber-cushioned clamp used for?

A

To secure lines subject to vibration.

71
Q

What is a plain clamp used for?

A

To secure lines in areas not subject to vibration.

72
Q

What is a Teflon™ cushioned clamp used for?

A

To secure lines in areas where the deteriorating effect of Skydrol™, hydraulic fluid, or fuel is expected.

73
Q

What should be secured with bonded clamps?

A

Metal hydraulic, fuel, or oil lines

74
Q

What should be secured with unbonded clamps?

A

Only wiring

75
Q

Define EPDM

A

Ethylene propylene diene rubber

76
Q

How much flattening is acceptable in the bend of a rigid tube?

A

The small diameter of the flattened portion must not be less than 75% of the original outside diameter.

Hallmark University (6 decks)

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