Fluid & Electrolytes

Question 1

Affects of hypertonic solution on cell.

Answer 1

• the solute outside cell is higher than inside.
• water moves from low solute to high solute.
• cell shrinks

Question 2

Hypotonic solution

Answer 2

Lower solute concentration than blood.
If injected into vein:
-fluid moves OUT of veins into tissues.

Question 3

Affects of hypotonic solution on cells

Answer 3

• the solute outside cell is lower than inside.
• water moves from low solute to high solute.
• the cell swells and eventually bursts.

Question 4

Infusion of isotonic solution into veins

Answer 4

No fluid movement. Stays in vasculature.

Normal saline 0.9%

Question 5

Infusion of hypertonic solution into veins

Answer 5

Fluid movement into veins

Question 6

Infusion of hypotonic solution into veins

Answer 6

Fluid movement out of veins. Good for rehydration of tissues in body.

Question 7

Lab values/water excess.

Increased of decreased?

Answer 7

Hematocrit
Hemoglobin
Serum (plasma) osmality

They would be DECREASED.

Question 8

Hypertonic solution

Answer 8

Higher solute concentration than RBCs.
If injected into vein:
-fluid moves from interstitial space INTO veins

Question 9

Edema

Answer 9

Accumulation of fluid within the interstitial spaces.
Etiology:
-increase in capillary hydrostatic pressure
-decrease in plasma osmotic pressure
-increase in capillary membrane
-lymph obstruction or leakage

Question 10

ADH

Answer 10

anti diuretic hormone.
(Holds urine)
AKA: vasopressin
-regulates water balance, 
--when released; tells kidneys to hold (reabsorb) Na+ and water. 
--when held; increases diuresis

ADH stimulated by:

• low Na+
• decreased blood volume
• decreased body fluid
• increased osmolarity of body fluids

Question 11

SIADH

Syndrome of inappropriate ADH

Answer 11

Usually caused by neurological disorder:

• CNS: trauma, tumors, stroke
• cancers: oat cell (lung), pancreas, duodenum
• AIDS
• lung: asthma, COPD
• medications: ADH therapy, chemo, SSI’s, TCAs

Question 12

Manifestations SIADH

Answer 12

• disturbed fluid/electrolyte balance
• water retention
• dilutional hyponatremia (low Na+)
• fluid shifts into cells

Question 13

Lab values for SIADH.

Increased or decreased?

Answer 13

Decreased.

• serum osmolality
• serum sodium
• hgb
• hct
• urine specific gravity (will increase)

Question 14

Dehydration

Answer 14

Manifestations

• tachycardia, weak pulses, postural hypotension
• flushed, dry skin
• dry mucous membranes
• decreased urine output
• Hct increased
• serum sodium increased

Question 15

Lab values in dehydration.

Increased of decreased?

Answer 15

Increased

Question 16

Diabetes insipidus

Answer 16

Not enough ADH (brain)
Cannot concentrate urine
Causes:
-brain tumor
-certain lung cancers
-certain head injuries
-idiopathic

Manifestations:

• polydipsia
• polyuria
• tachycardia, hypotension
• dry skin
• neurological s/s