fluid & electrolytes

Question 1

Intracellular fluid

Answer 1

Body fluid inside the cell membrane

Question 2

Extracellular fluid

Answer 2

Portion of body fluids composed of the interstitial fluid and blood plasm

Question 3

Interstitial fluid

Answer 3

Fluid that fills the spaces between most of the cells of the body and provide a substantial portion of the liquid environment of the body

Question 4

Intravascular fluid

Answer 4

Fluid circulating within blood vessels of the body

Question 5

Transcellular fluid

Answer 5

Fluids that are not inside cells but are separated from plasma and interstitial fluid by cellular barriers

Question 6

Electrolytes

Answer 6

Element or compound that when melted or dissolved in water or other solvent dissociated into ions and can carry an electrical current

Question 7

Milliequivalents per liter

Answer 7

Number of grams of a specific electrolyte dissolved in 1 liter of plasma

Question 8

Solute

Answer 8

Substance dissolved in a solution

Question 9

Solution

Answer 9

Mixture of one or more substances dissolved in another substance.

Question 10

Solvent

Answer 10

Any liquid in which another substance can be dissolved

Question 11

Osmosis

Answer 11

Movement of pure solvent through a semipermeable membrane from a solution with a lower salute concentration to one with a higher salute concentration

Question 12

Osmole

Answer 12

The molecular weight of a solute in grams divided by the number of ions or particles into which it dissociates in solution

Question 13

Osmotic pressure

Answer 13

Drawing power for water which depends on the number of molecules in the solution

Question 14

Osmolarity

Answer 14

Osmotic pressure of a solution exposed in osmoles or milliosmoles per kg of the solution

Question 15

Hypertonic solution

Answer 15

When one solution has a greater concentration of solute than another therefore the first solute exerts greater osmotic pressure

Question 16

Isotonic solution

Answer 16

Situation in which two solutions have the same concentration of solute therefore both exert the same osmotic pressure

Question 17

Hypotonic solutions

Answer 17

Situation in which one solution has a smaller concentration of solute therefore the first solution exerts less osmotic pressure

Question 18

Colloid osmotic pressure

Answer 18

Abnormal condition of the kidney caused by the pressure of concentrations of large particles such as protein molecules that will pass through a membrane

Question 19

Oncotic pressure

Answer 19

Total influence of the proteins on the osmotic activity of plasma fluid

Question 20

Diffusion

Answer 20

movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to one of lower concentration

Question 21

Concentration gradient

Answer 21

Gradient that exists across a membrane , separating a high concentration of a particular ion from a low concentration of the same ion

Question 22

filtration

Answer 22

Straining of fluid through a membrane

Question 23

Hydrostatic pressure

Answer 23

Pressure caused by a liquid

Question 24

Edema

Answer 24

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces of tissues

Question 25

Active transport

Answer 25

Movement of materials across the cell membrane by means of chemical activity that allows the cell to admit larger molecules than would otherwise be possible

Question 26

Homeostasis

Answer 26

State of relative constancy in the internal environment of the body, maintained naturally by physiological adaptive mechanisms

Question 27

Osmorecptors

Answer 27

Neurons in the hypothalamus that are sensitive to the fluid concentration in the blood plasma and regulate the secretion of antidiuretic hormone

Question 28

Hypovolemia

Answer 28

Abnormally low circulating blood volume

Question 29

Dehydration

Answer 29

Excessive loss of water from body tissues accompanied by a disturbance of electrolytes

Question 30

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer 30

Hormone that decreases the production of urine by increasing the restoration of water by the renal tumbles. ADH is secreted by cells of the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland

Question 31

Aldosterone

Answer 31

mineralocorticoid steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex with action in the renal tubule to regulate sodium and potassium balance in the blood

Question 32

Atrial natriuretic peptide

Answer 32

Regulates ECV by influencing how much sodium and water are secreted in urine