Fluid & Electrolytes

Question 1

What is the normal range for serum sodium levels?

Answer 1

135-145 mEq/L

Question 2

Which hormone regulates water balance in the body by acting on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption?

Answer 2

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 3

What is the normal range for serum potassium levels?

Answer 3

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

Question 4

Which electrolyte imbalance can lead to muscle weakness, cramps, and cardiac arrhythmias?

Answer 4

Hypokalemia (low potassium levels)

Question 5

What is the primary cation in the extracellular fluid?

Answer 5

Sodium

Question 6

Which condition can cause hypernatremia?

Answer 6

Excessive sweating

Question 7

What is the primary anion in the extracellular fluid?

Answer 7

Chloride

Question 8

Which electrolyte imbalance can cause muscle twitching, numbness, and tingling?

Answer 8

Hypocalcemia (low calcium levels)

Question 9

What is the normal range for serum calcium levels?

Answer 9

8.5-10.5 mg/dL

Question 10

Which electrolyte imbalance can lead to confusion, lethargy, and seizures?

Answer 10

Hyponatremia (low sodium levels)

Question 11

What is the normal range for serum magnesium levels?

Answer 11

1.5-2.5 mEq/L

Question 12

Which hormone regulates serum calcium levels by acting on the bones, kidneys, and intestines?

Answer 12

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 13

Which electrolyte imbalance can lead to cardiac dysrhythmias, muscle weakness, and constipation?

Answer 13

Hyperkalemia (high potassium levels)

Question 14

What is the normal range for serum phosphate levels?

Answer 14

2.5-4.5 mg/dL

Question 15

Which condition can cause hypomagnesemia?

Answer 15

Alcoholism

Question 16

What is the normal range for serum chloride levels?

Answer 16

98-106 mEq/L

Question 17

Which electrolyte imbalance can cause cardiac arrest, muscle weakness, and respiratory failure?

Answer 17

Hypophosphatemia (low phosphate levels)

Question 18

What is the primary cation in the intracellular fluid?

Answer 18

Potassium

Question 19

Which condition can cause hypermagnesemia?

Answer 19

Renal failure

Question 20

What is the normal range for serum bicarbonate levels?

Answer 20

22-26 mEq/L

Question 21

Which electrolyte imbalance can lead to tetany, paresthesias, and seizures?

Answer 21

Hypochloremia (low chloride levels)

Question 22

What is the normal range for serum creatinine levels?

Answer 22

0.6-1.2 mg/dL

Question 23

Which condition can cause hyperphosphatemia?

Answer 23

Chronic kidney disease