Fluid & Electrolytes Flashcards

Question

What is resting energy expenditure? (REE)

Answer 1

Is the amount of energy you need to consume over a 24 hour period for your body to maintain all of its internal working activities while at rest

Answer 2

-When the kilocalories of the food we eat, meat or energy requirements, or white does not change -When the kilocalories ingested exceed our energy demands, we gain weight -If the kilocalories in Chesterfield to meet our energy requirements, we lose weight

Answer 3

They are the main source of energy in the diet. They are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Each gram of carbohydrate produces 4Kcal/g

Answer 4

Proteins provide a source of energy(4Kcal/g) Proteins are essential for Growth, maintenance, and repair of body tissues Collagen, hormones, enzymes, immune cells, deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA), and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are all made of protein In addition, blood clotting, fluid regulation, and acid base, balance require proteins

Answer 5

Fats are the most calorie, dense, nutrient, providing 9kcal/g

Answer 6

Water makes up 60 to 70% a total body weight When deprived of water, a person usually cannot survive for more than a few days And a healthy individual fluid intake from all sources, equal fluid output through elimination, respiration, and sweating An I’ll person has an increase need for fluid -Fever or gastrointestinal losses Buy contrast he, or she also has a decrease ability to excrete fluid -Cardio pulmonary or renal disease, which often leads to the need for fluid restriction

Answer 7

Organic substances present in small amounts of food that are essential to normal metabolism

Answer 8

Fat, soluble, vitamins, would be vitamin A, D, E, & K— they are stored in the fatty compartments of the body People choir vitamins, primarily through dietary intake, although vitamin D also comes from the sun The body has a high storage capacity for fat soluble vitamins —-as a result, toxicity as possible, when a person takes larger doses of them

Answer 9

These would be vitamin C and B complex(which is eight vitamins) The body does not store water, soluble, vitamins; thus, we need them provided in our daily food intake Water, soluble, vitamins, absorbed easily from the G.I. tract although they are not stored, toxicity can still occur

Answer 10

It’s stores in concentrates bile

Answer 11

It’s stores in turns food HCI, activates enzymes, breaks up food, kills germs, mucus, protect stomach wall, limited absorption

Answer 12

It breaks down and built up many biological molecules Stores, vitamins, and iron Destroys old blood cells Destroys poisons Produces bile to a digestion

Answer 13

Hormones regulate blood glucose levels Bio carbonate neutralize stomach acid

Answer 14

Completes digestion Mucus protects, gut wall Absorbs, nutrients, most water

Answer 15

It’s stores and expels feces

Answer 16

Peristalsis is a wave like muscular contraction, it moves the food to the base of the esophagus, above the cardiac sphincter.🌊

Answer 17

Food leaves the atrium, or distal stomach, through the pyloric sphincter and enters the duodenum. Food is now an acidic, liquefied mass called. CHYME

Answer 18

It is manufactured by the liver, and stored in the gallbladder **** Violent acts as a detergent, it emulsifies, fat to permit enzymes action while suspending fatty acids and solution

Answer 19

An energy dependent process, typically driven by adenosine triphosphate (ATP). During the process particles move from an area of lower concentration to an area of greater concentration. (Against the concentration gradient)

Answer 20

Refers to all the bio chemical reactions within the cells of the body

Answer 21

The building of more complex, bio chemical substances, by the synthesis of nutrients

Answer 22

The breakdown of bio chemical substances into simpler substances and occurs during psychological state of negative nitrogen balance is Starvation is an example of cannibalism in the wasting of body tissue, occurs

Answer 23

-Make nutritional needs primarily from nutrient, dense foods and beverages -Start food planning with consideration of personal preferences -Eat inappropriate mix of food from the food groups and sub groups that is within the appropriate calorie level to promote health of each life stage -Practice food, safety to prevent bacterial foodborne, illnesses, use food, safety principles of clean, separate, cook, and chill -Read nutrition, facts, labels on food products to make informed and healthy food decisions

Answer 24

Grapefruit juice affects her drugs are changed(metabolized) in the body for eventual elimination, and can alter the amount of drug in your body—— this can lead to enhanced side effects or lower drug effectiveness

Answer 25

Food preference Cultural practices and eating Family traditions Nursing history Signs of poor nutrition Common lab tests Plasma proteins : albumin, transferring, pre-albumin, total iron binding capacity, and hemoglobin

Answer 26

It is difficulty swallowing

Answer 27

Patients who are NPO and receive only standard IV fluids for more than 5 to 7 days or a high nutritional risk

Answer 28

It would include clear, fat, free broth, bullion, coffee, tea, carbonated, beverages, clear, fruit, juices, gelatin, fruit ices, Popsicles

Answer 29

Same thing as a clear liquid with addition of: Smooth, textured dairy products (ice cream) Strained or blended cream soups Custard Refined cooked cereals Vegetable juice Puréed vegetables All fruit juices Sherbet Puddings Frozen yogurt

Answer 30

Same as clear and full liquid with the addition of scrambled eggs, puréed, meats, vegetables, and fruits, as well as mashed potatoes and gravy

Answer 31

This will be the same as clear and full liquid and puréed diet. With the addition of all cream, soups, ground or finely diced meats, flaked fish, cottage cheese, cheese, rice, potatoes, pancakes, light, bread, cooked vegetables, canned or cooked fruits, bananas, soups, peanut butter, scrambled eggs.

Answer 32

Addition of low fiber, easily digested foods, such as pastas, casseroles, moist, tender meats, and can’t cook fruits and vegetables; desserts, cakes, and cookies, without nuts or coconut

Answer 33

Fresh, uncooked, fruits, steamed vegetables, Brandon, oatmeal, and dried fruits

Answer 34

4-g (no added salt), 2-g, 1-g, or 500 mg sodium diet; very form no add salt to severe sodium restrictions what’s require selective food purchases (reading the sodium levels on the back. Where are the nutrition facts are found)

Answer 35

300 mg/day cholesterol, and keeping with American heart association guidelines for Sarah and lipid reduction

Answer 36

Nutrition recommendations by the American diabetes association: focus on total energy, nutrient in food distribution; includes a balance intake of carbohydrates, fat, and proteins; fairy caloric recommendations to accommodate patience, metabolic demands

Answer 37

This die, illuminate, sweet, oats, right, Berlin, and they’re derivates

Answer 38

Osmosis is defined as the diffusion of water through a semi permeable membrane to a solution with a lower concentration of water

Answer 39

Difficult or labored breathing

Answer 40

Pt is urinating a lot

Answer 41

Loop diuretics It decreases the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the ascending loop of Henle

Answer 42

It increases the secretion of sodium and water in the distal convoluted tubule

Answer 43

Potassium, sparing, diuretics, cause, sodium and water excretion in the distal tubule, while is promoting potassium retention(blocks aldosterone receptors)

Answer 44

Produces diuresis by increasing the osmotic pressure within the kidney