fluid & electrolyte imbalances

Question 1

refers to serum sodium level that is less than 135 mEq/L

Answer 1

hyponatremia

Question 2

serum sodium level higher than 145 meq/L

Answer 2

Hypernatremia

Question 3

indicates a deficit in total potassium stores

Answer 3

Hypokalemia

Question 4

refers to a potassium level greater then 5.0 mEq/L

Answer 4

Hyperkalemia

Question 5

serum level below 8.6 mg/dl

Answer 5

hypocalcemia

Question 6

calcium level greater than 10.2 mg/dl

Answer 6

hypercalcemia

Question 7

refers to below-normal serum magnesium concentration

Answer 7

hypomagnesemia

Question 8

indicated by a value below 2.5 mg/dl

Answer 8

hypophosphatemia

Question 9

serum levels over 2.3 mg/dl

Answer 9

hypermagnesemia

Question 10

serum phosphorus level that exceeds 4.5 mg/dl

Answer 10

hyperphosphatemia

Question 11

Complications of Fluid & Electrolyte Imbalances
(DCSC)

Answer 11

Dehydration
Cardiac overload
SIADH
Cardiac arrest

Question 12

result of a fluid volume deficit

Answer 12

dehydration

Question 13

result of fluid volume excess if left untreated may cause

Answer 13

cardiac overload

Question 14

a disorder of impaired water excretion caused by the inability to suppress secretion of ADH

Answer 14

SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone)

Question 15

too much potassium administered can lead to…

Answer 15

Cardiac arrest

Question 16

Assessment and Diagnostic Findings
(BHPSEA)

Answer 16

BUN
Hematocrit
Physical Examination
Serum Electrolyte levels
ECG
ABG Analysis

Question 17

may be decreased in FVE due to plasma dilution

Answer 17

BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)

Question 18

FVD are greater than normal because there is a decreased plasma volume

Answer 18

Hematocrit levels

Question 19

Necessary to observe the signs and symptoms of the imbalances

Answer 19

Physical Examination

Question 20

Measurement of electrolyte levels should be performed to check for presence of an imbalances

Answer 20

Serum Electrolyte Levels

Question 21

changes can also contribute to the diagnosis of fluid and electrolyte imbalance

Answer 21

ECG

Question 22

may reveal acid-base Imbalances

Answer 22

ABG Analysis

Question 23

Medical Management
(TIADN)

Answer 23

-Treatment of fluid & volume imbalances needs accuracy to avoid consequences that can result in complications
-Isotonic electrolyte solutions
-Accurate I&O
-Dialysis
-Nutritional therapy

Question 24

These solutions are used to treat the hypotensive patient with FVD because they expand plasma volume

Answer 24

isotonic electrolyte solutions

Question 25

accurate and frequent assessment of I&O should be performed when therapy should be slowed or increased to prevent volume deficit or overload

Answer 25

accurate I&O

Question 26

it is performed to remove nitrogenous wastes and control potassium and acid-base balance, and to remove sodium and fluid

Answer 26

Dialysis

Question 27

Treatment of fluid and electrolyte imbalances should involve restrictions or enforcement of the concerned electrolyte

Answer 27

nutritional therapy

Question 28

Pharmacologic therapy
(ADIC)

Answer 28

AVP receptor agonists
Diuretics
IV calcium gluconate
Calcitonin

Question 29

these are new pharmacological agents that treat hyponatremia by “stimulating free water excretion”

Answer 29

AVP Receptor agonist

Question 30

Decrease in fluid volume in FVE, …. are administered

Answer 30

Diuretics

Question 31

if serum potassium levels are dangerously elevated, it may be necessary to administer….

Answer 31

IV Calcium gluconate

Question 32

Can be used to lower the serum calcium level and is particularly useful for patients with heart disease or heart failure who cannot tolerate large sodium loads

Answer 32

Calcitonin

Question 33

its principal function is to enhance conservation of water by increasing the permeability of collecting ducts to water. It is also a potent vasoconstrictor and exerts a direct constrictive action on specific smooth muscle receptors

Answer 33

AVP/Vasopressin