Fluid + Electrolyte Imbalances

Question 1

Hypokalemia (low potassium)

Answer 1

Muscle weakness, cardiac arrhythmias, constipation, polyuria

Question 2

Hyperkalemia (high potassium)

Answer 2

Muscle flaccidity, cardiac arrest

Question 3

Hyponatremia (low sodium)

Answer 3

Decreased LOC, nausea, seizures

Question 4

Hypernatremia (high sodium)

Answer 4

Decreased LOC, thirst, seizures

Question 5

Hypocalcemia (low calcium)

Answer 5

Increase neuromuscular activity, positive Chvostek’s + Trousseau’s signs, laryngospasm

Question 6

Hypercalcemia (high calcium)

Answer 6

Decreased neuromuscular excitability, cardiac dysrhythmias, constipation

Question 7

Hypophosphatemia (low phosphorus)

Answer 7

Confusion, muscle weakness, cardiac dysrhythmias

Question 8

Hyperphosphatemia (high phosphorus)

Answer 8

Hypocalcemia, tetany

Question 9

Hypomagnesemia (low magnesium)

Answer 9

Hyperactive reflexes, tetany, cardiac dysrhymias

Question 10

Hypermagnesemia (high magnesium)

Answer 10

Flushing, diaphoresis, diminished reflexes, decreased LOC, respiratory depression, cardiac dysrhythmias

Question 11

Fluid Volume excess

Answer 11

Weight gain, edema, distended neck veins

Question 12

Dehydration

Answer 12

Dry mucous membranes, flat neck veins, skin tenting