Fluid & Electrolyte Imbalance Intro Concepts

Question 1

Percentage of Water in The Human Body
(By age)

Answer 1

0-1 years- (86%)
5-14 years- (75%)
20-35 years- (65%)
40-50 years- (55%)
60-80 years- (50%)

Question 2

Solute

Answer 2

A substance (molecule, particle) in a solution

Ex: Salt (Na+), Potassium (K+)

Question 3

Solvent

Answer 3

the liquid in which the solute is dissolved

Ex: water

Question 4

Filtration

Answer 4

Movement of fluid through a permeable cell membrane

Question 5

Active Transport

Answer 5

Movement ofparticlesacross a cell membrane from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration. Ex Sodium and Potassium

Question 6

Osmolarity

Answer 6

the concentration of a solution expressed as the total number of solute particles per LITER

Calculated considering the VOLUME of solution

Question 7

Osmolality

Answer 7

Osmolality is ameasure of the number of dissolved particles in a fluid per KILOGRAM

Calculated considering the MASS of solution

Question 9

Tonicity

Answer 9

The ability of a solution around a cell to cause that cell to gain or lose water.

Question 10

Osmosis

Answer 10

The movement ofwaterthrough a semi permeable membranefrom an area of lower particle concentration to an area of higher particle concentration. From hypotonic to hypertonic.

Ex: The thirst mechanism: excessive sweating causes the extracellular fluid volume to decrease and the osmolarity to increase. The brain responds to this increasing osmolarity by triggering a thirst awareness.

Question 11

Diffusion

Answer 11

The movement of particle across a permeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Ex. Lung- oxygen diffuse from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration.

Question 12

Urine Specific Gravity

Answer 12

• Tests concentration of particles in urine
• Normal range 1.005 (concentrated/low specific gravity/lower solute) - 1.030 (Diluted/high specific gravity/high solute)

Question 13

Intracellular Fluid (ICF)

Answer 13

-The fluid inside our cells
-Majority of fluid inside body (28L)
-K+, proteins

Question 14

Extracellular Fluid (ECF)

Answer 14

-Fluid inside blood vessels (PLASMA)
-3L
-Na+, Cl-

Question 15

Extracellular Fluid (ECF)
(Interstitial)

Answer 15

-WIthin the tissue, but outside the cells of tissue
-11L
-Na+, Cl-

Question 16

Isotonic Solutions

Answer 16

-Same osmolality as blood

-No fluid shift between ECF & ICF

Question 17

Hypotonic Solutions

Answer 17

-Have lower osmolality (number of dissolved particles) than blood

-Fluid shifts from the ECF to the ICF (blood into cells)

-Causes swelling and lysis

Question 18

Hypertonic Solutions

Answer 18

-Have higher osmolality (number of dissolved particles) than blood

-Fluid shifts the ICF to the ECF (fluid shifts out of cells)

-Causes cells to shrink aka “crenation”