fluid electrolyte and acid base imbalance Flashcards
tonicity
hypertonic means movement in the veins
hypotonic means movement out of the veins
isotonic means water balance in relation to cell
fluid intake and output
fluid intake from beverage is the majority while output majority is urine
various fluid compartments of body and distribution of body fluids
body fluid is water within the body and particles dissolved in it
2 major components- ECF: half of body fluid in adults, infants have more. ICF: 2/3 fluids in adults
Extracellular fluid
has lymph and transcellular fluid ( performs special functions like CSF fluid and synovial fluid).
- it also has interstitial fluid in the space between the cells and plasma ( blood).
- ECF have too much or too less ECF, which causes saline imbalance
at the arterial end of the capillary, hydrostatic pressure exceeds capillary oncotic pressure, so…
water filters across the capillary membrane into the interstitutial space
at the venous end of capillary, oncotic pressure exceeds hydrostatic pressure, so…
fluids are reabsorbed in order to balance the fluid in plasma and interstitial space
electrolytes
ionized salts dissolved in water, and includes sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, bicarbonate, and phosphate. Sodium is the most important cation outside the cell while potassium is the most important anion inside the cell
electrolyte concentration in plasma, Interstitial fluid, and intracellular fluid
plasma: HIGH sodium and protein, LOW Potassium, HIGH Chloride and LOW bicarbonate
Interstitial fluid: HIGH Sodium, LOW potassium, HIGH chloride and lOW bicarbonate
Intracellular fluid: HIGH potassium, HIGH phosphate, LOW sodium and LOW chloride
sodium ions
cellular fluid level maintenance, muscle contraction, acid base balance, cell permeability, muscle function, nerve impulse transmission
chloride ions
maintenance of fluid, electrolyte, acid base osmotic pressure balance
potassium ions
cardiac rhythm, muscle contraction, nerve impulse transmission, rapid growth, fluid distribution, acid-base balance
calcium ions
blood clotting, bone and tooth formation, cardiac rhythm, muscle growth and contraction
phosphate ions
bone and tooth formation, cell growth and repair, energy production
normal electrolyte level of potassium and sodium
potassium is 3.5 to 5 mEq/L
Sodium is 135 to 145 mEq/L
2 factors are regulated to maintain fluid balance in the body
- ECF volume- maintain blood pressure, maintaining salt balance is important.
- ECF osmolarity- to prevent swelling or shrinking of cells, maintaining water balance
